Functional Ultrastructure (eBook)

The Nucleus.- Architecture of the Cell Nucleus.- Cytochemical Detection of Ribonucleoproteins.- Nuclear Lamina.- Detection of Sites of DNA Replication and of Interphase Chromosome Domains.- Nucleolus.- Changes of the Nucleolar Architecture.- Detection of Sites of RNA Synthesis.- Nuclear Pore Complexes.- Nuclear Pore Complexes: Structural Changes as Monitored by Time-Lapse Atomic Force Microscopy.- Mitosis and Cell Division.- Apoptosis.- Viral Inclusions.- Structural Organisation of a Mammalian Cell.- The Cytoplasm: The Secretory System.- Secretory Pathway of Pancreatic Acinar Cells.- Ribosomes, Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum.- Nuclear Envelope and Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum.- Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum: Site of Protein Translocation and Initiation of Protein N-Glycosylation.- Oligosaccharide Trimming, Reglucosylation, and Protein Quality Control in the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum.- Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum: Storage Site of Aggregates of Misfolded Glycoproteins.- Russell Bodies and Aggresomes Represent Different Types of Protein Inclusion Bodies.- Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum.- Proliferation of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum.- Pre-Golgi Intermediates.- Pre-Golgi Intermediates: Oligosaccharide Trimming and Protein Quality Control.- Golgi Apparatus: A Main Crossroads Along Secretory Pathways.- Protein Secretion Visualised by Immunoelectron Microscopy.- Protein N-Glycosylation: Oligosaccharide Trimming in the Golgi Apparatus and Pre-Golgi Intermediates.- Golgi Apparatus: Site of Maturation of Asparagine-Linked Oligosaccharides.- Cell-Type-Related Variations in the Topography of Golgi Apparatus Glycosylation Reactions.- Cell-Type-Related Differences in Oligosaccharide Structure.- Topography of Biosynthesis of Serine/Threonine-Linked Oligosaccharides.- Golgi Apparatus and TGN — Secretion and Endocytosis.- Golgi Apparatus, TGN and trans-Golgi-ER.- Golgi Apparatus, TGN and trans-Golgi-ER: Tilt Series.- Brefeldin A-Induced Disassembly of the Golgi Apparatus.- Brefeldin A-Treatment: Tubulation of Golgi Apparatus and Endosomes.- Brefeldin A-Treatment: Effect on Retrograde Transport of Internalised WGA.- Brefeldin A-Treatment: Transitional ER-Elements and Pre-Golgi Intermediates.- Heat Shock Response of the Golgi Apparatus.- Changes of the Golgi Apparatus Upon ATP-Depletion and ATP-Replenishment.- Secretory Granules.- Secretory Granule Types.- The Cytoplasm: The Endocytic System.- Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis Via Clathrin-Coated Vesicles and Virus Internalisation.- Endosomes and Endocytic Pathways.- Endocytic Trans-Golgi Network and Retrograde Traffic into the Golgi Apparatus.- Tubular Pericentriolar Endosomes.- Langerhans Cells and Birbeck Granules: Antigen Presenting Dendritic Cells of the Epidermis.- Caveolae.- Fluid-Phase Endocytosis and Phagocytosis.- The Cytoplasm: Lysosomes and Lysosomal Disorders.- Lysosomes.- Lysosomes: Localisation of Acid Phosphatase, Lamp and Polylactosamin.- I-Cell Disease.- Gaucher’s Disease.- Fabry’s Disease.- GM2 Gangliosidoses.- Farber’s Disease.- Wolman’s Disease.- Glycogenosis Type II.- Cystinosis.- The Cytoplasm: Autophagocytosis.- Autophagosomes: Organelles for Limited Self-Digestion.- The Cytoplasm: Mitochondria and Structural Abnormalities.- Mitochondria: Crista and Tubulus-Types.- Abnormalities of Mitochondria.- The Cytoplasm: Peroxisomes and Peroxisomal Diseases.- Peroxisomes: Multitalented Organelles.- Peroxisome Biogenesis.- Peroxisomes: Adaptive Changes.- Peroxisomal Diseases.- The Cytoplasm: Cytosolic Particles.- Glycogen.- Glycogenosis Type I.- Erythropoietic Protoporphyria.- The Cytoplasm: Cytoskeleton.- Cytocentre, Centrosome, and Microtubules.- Effects of Microtubule Disruption.- Actin Filaments.- Intermediate Filaments.- Mallory Bodies.- The Plasma Membrane and Cell Surface Specialisations.- The Plasma Membrane.- Cells in Culture.- Brush Cell.- Glycocalyx (Cell Coat).- Glycocalyx: Cell Type Specificity and Domains.- Glycocalyx Changes in Tumours.- Cell-Cell and Cell-Matrix Contacts.- Junctional Complex.- Tight Junctions and Gap Junctions.- Spot Desmosomes.- Cellular Interdigitations.- Basal Labyrinth.- Basement Membrane.- Glomerular Basement Membrane.- Alport’s Syndrome (Hereditary Nephritis).- Descemet’s Membrane.- Skin Basement Membrane and Keratinocyte Hemidesmosomes: An Epithel-Connective Tissue Junctional Complex.- Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex.- Secretory Epithelia.- Pancreatic Acinus.- Acinar Centre: Acinar and Centroacinar Cells.- Pancreatic Intercalated Duct.- Submandibular Gland.- Parietal Cells of Stomach: Secretion of Acid.- Intercalated Cells of Kidney: Important Regulators of Acid-Base Balance.- Endocrine Secretion: Insulin-Producing Beta Cells of Islets of Langerhans.- Impaired Insulin Processing in Human Insulinoma.- Cells of the Disseminated Endocrine System.- Liver Epithelium.- Liver Epithelium: Bile Canaliculi.- Liver Epithelium: Pathway of Secretory Lipoprotein Particles.- Choroid Plexus Ependyma.- Resorptive Epithelia.- Small Intestine: Absorptive Cells.- Small Intestine: Pathway of Lipids.- Renal Proximal Tubule: A Reabsorption Plant.- Parathyroid Hormone Response of Renal Proximal Tubules.- Sensory Epithelia.- Photoreceptor Cells of the Retina: Signalling of Light.- Photoreceptor Cells of the Retina: Light-Induced Apoptosis.- Stratified Epithelia.- Corneal Epithelium.- Epidermis.- Differentiation of Keratinocytes and Formation of the Epidermal Fluid Barrier.- Epithelia of the Respiratory Tract.- The Tracheo-Bronchial Epithelium.- Ciliary Pathology: Immotile Cilia Syndrome and Kartagener Syndrome.- Alveoli: Gas Exchange and Host Defense.- Urothelium.- Umbrella Cell — Surface Specialisations.- Umbrella Cell — Fusiform Vesicles.- Endothelia and Glomerulus.- Continuous Capillary, Weibel-Palade Bodies.- Fenestrated Capillary.- Endothelio-Pericyte and Endothelio-Smooth Muscle Cell Interactions.- Glomerulus: A Specialised Device for Filtering.- Pathology of the Glomerular Filter: Minimal Change Glomerulopathy and Congenital Nephrotic Syndromes.- Pathology of the Glomerulus: Membranous Glomerulonephritis.- Pathology of the Glomerulus: Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis.- Pathology of the Glomerulus: Chronic Allograft Glomerulopathy.- Connective Tissue.- Loose Connective Tissue.- Fibroblast, Fibrocyte, Macrophage.- Collagen and Elastic Fibres.- Eosinophilic Granulocyte, Plasma Cell, Macrophage, Mast Cell.- Dense Connective Tissue: Collagen Bundles in the Cornea.- Bowman’s Layer.- Amyloidosis of Kidney.- Amyloid Fibrils: Growth as Seen by Time Lapse, Atomic Force Microscopy.- Cartilage.- Articular Cartilage.- Bone.- Osteoblasts and Osteocytes.- Osteoclast.- Skeletal Muscle.- Myofibrils and Sarcomere.- Sarcoplasmic Reticulum, Triad, Satellite Cell.- Neuromuscular Junction.- Muscular Dystrophies.- Cardiac Muscle.- Myofibrils, Intercalated Disk.- Smooth Muscle.- Smooth Muscle Cells, Synapse Á Distance.- CADASIL.- Nerve Tissue.- Central Nervous System: Neuron, Glial Cells.- Blood-Brain Barrier, Synapses.- Unmyelinated Nerve Fibre.- Peripheral Nerve: Connective Tissue Components.- Myelinated Nerve Fibre, Myelin.- Node of Ranvier.- Axonal Degeneration.- Neuroaxonal Dystrophy.- Neuropathies Associated with Dysproteinaemias.- Metachromatic Leukodystrophy.- Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis.- Blood.- Red Blood Cells and cells of the Erythroid Lineage.- Neutrophilic Granulocyte.- Eosinophilic Granulocyte.- Monocyte.- Lymphocyte.- Megakaryocyte and Thrombocyte.- Thrombocytes.