Hazardous Chemical Properties Entries

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ACETALDEHYDE

Chemical Designations Synonyms: Acetic Aldehyde; Ethanal, Ethyl Aldehyde; Chemical Formula: CH3CHO.

Observable Characteristics Physical State (as normally shipped): Liquid; Color: Colorless; Odor: Penetrating, fruity; sharp pungent.

Physical and Chemical Properties Physical State at 15 °C and 1 atm.: Liquid; Molecular Weight: 44.05; Boiling Point at 1 atm.: 68.7, 20.4, 293.6; Freezing Point: −189, −123, 150; Critical Temperature: 370, 188, 461; Critical Pressure: 820, 56, 5.7; Specific Gravity: 0.780 at 20 °C (liquid); Vapor (Gas) Density: 1.5; Ratio of Specific Heats of Vapor (Gas): 1.182; Latent Heat of Vaporization: 245, 136, 5.69; Heat of Combustion: −10600, −5890, −246.4; Heat of Decomposition: Not pertinent.

Health Hazards Information Recommended Personal Protective Equipment: Rubber gloves, eye goggles, and other equipment to prevent contact with the body. Organic canister or air pack as required; Symptoms Following Exposure: Breathing vapors will be irritating and may cause nausea, vomiting, headache, and unconsciousness. Contact with eyes may cause burns. Skin contact from clothing wet with the chemical causes burns or severe irritation; General Treatment for Exposure: INHALATION: remove victim to fresh air; if breathing has stopped, give artificial respiration; if breathing is difficult, give oxygen; call a physician at once. SKIN: wash with soap and water. EYES: flush with water; Toxicity by Inhalation (Threshold Limit Value): 100 ppm; Short-Term Exposure Limits: 50 ppm for 60 min.; Toxicity by Ingestion: LD50 0.5 to 5 g/kg (cat); Late Toxicity: No data found; Vapor (Gas) Irritant Characteristics: Vapor is moderately irritating such that workers will not usually tolerate moderate to high concentrations; Liquid or Solid Irritant Characteristics: Minimum hazard. If spilled on clothing and allowed to remain, may cause smarting and reddening of the skin; Odor Threshold: 0.21 ppm.

Fire Hazards Flash Point (deg. F): −36 CC; −59 OC; Flammable Limits in Air (%): 4 - 60; Fire Extinguishing Agents: Dry chemical, alcohol foam, carbon dioxide; Fire Extinguishing Agents Not To Be Used: Water may be ineffective; Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Produces irritating vapors when heated; Behavior in Fire: Vapors are heavier than air and may travel to a considerable distance for a source of ignition and flash back; Ignition Temperature (deg. F): 365; Electrical Hazard: Class 1, Group C; Burning Rate: 3.3 mm/min.

Chemical Reactivity Reactivity with Water: No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reaction; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not Pertinent; Polymerization: May occur. Avoid contact with heat, dust, strong oxidizing and reducing agents, strong acids and bases; Inhibitor of Polymerization: None.

ACETIC ACID

Chemical Designations Synonyms: Ethanoic Acid, Glacial Acetic Acid, Vinegar acid; Chemical Formula: CH3COOH.

Observable Characteristics Physical State (as normally shipped): Liquid; Color: Colorless; Odor: Characteristic vinegar, pungent; vinegar-like; sharp.

Physical and Chemical Properties Physical State at 15 °C and 1 atm.: Liquid; Molecular Weight: 60.05; Boiling Point at 1 atm.: 244, 117.9, 391.1; Freezing Point: 62.1, 16.7, 290; Critical Temperature: 611, 321.6, 594.8; Critical Pressure: 839, 57.1, 5.78; Specific Gravity: 1.051 at 20 °C(liquid); Vapor (Gas) Density: Not pertinent; Ratio of Specific Heats of Vapor (Gas): 1.145; Latent Heat of Vaporization: 17.1, 96.7, 4.05; Heat of Combustion: −5645, −3136, −131.3; Heat of Decomposition: Not pertinent.

Health Hazards Information Recommended Personal Protective Equipment: Protective clothing should be worn when skin contact can occur. Respiratory protection is necessary when exposed to vapor. Complete eye protection is recommended; Symptoms Following Exposure: Breathing of vapors causes coughing, chest pains, and irritation of the nose and throat; may cause nausea and vomiting. Contact with skin and eyes causes burns; General Treatment for Exposure: INHALATION: Move the victim immediately to fresh air. If breathing becomes difficult, give oxygen and get medical attention immediately. INGESTION: If the victim is conscious, have him drink water or milk. Do not induce vomiting. SKIN OR EYE CONTACT: Flush immediately with lots of clean running water; wash eyes for at least 15 min. and get medical attention as quickly as possible; remove contaminated clothing; Toxicity by Inhalation (Threshold Limit Value): 10 ppm; Short-Term Exposure Limits: 40 ppm for 5 min.; Toxicity by Ingestion: LD50 0.5 to 5.0 g/kg (rat); Late Toxicity: No data; Vapor (Gas) Irritant Characteristics: Vapors cause moderate irritation such that workers will find high concentrations very unpleasant. Effects are temporary; Liquid or Solid Irritant Characteristics: This is a fairly severe skin irritant; may cause pain and secondary burns after a few minutes of contact; Odor Threshold: 1.0 ppm.

Fire Hazards Flash Point (deg. F): 112 OC; 104 CC; Flammable Limits in Air (%): 5.4 - 16.0; Fire Extinguishing Agents: Water, alcohol foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide; Fire Extinguishing Agents Not To Be Used: None; Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Irritating vapors produced when heated; Behavior in Fire: Not Pertinent; Ignition Temperature (deg. F): 800; Electrical Hazard: Not Pertinent; Burning Rate: 1.6 mm/min.

Chemical Reactivity Reactivity with Water: No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: Corrosive, particularly when diluted. Attacks most common metals, including most stainless steels. Excellent solvent for many synthetic resins or rubber; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Dilute with water, rinse with sodium bicarbonate solution; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.

ACETIC ANHYDRIDE

Chemical Designations Synonyms: Ethanoic Anhydride; Chemical Formula: CH3CO-O-COCH3.

Observable Characteristics Physical State (as normally shipped): Liquid; Color: Colorless; Odor: Very strong; pungent; vinegar-like characteristic odor.

Physical and Chemical Properties Physical State at 15 °C and 1 atm.: Liquid; Molecular Weight: 102.09; Boiling Point at 1 atm.: 282, 139, 412; Freezing Point: −101, −74.1, 199.1; Critical Temperature: 565, 296, 569; Critical Pressure: 679, 46.2, 4.68; Specific Gravity: 1.08 at 20 °C (liquid); Vapor (Gas) Density: Not pertinent; Ratio of Specific Heats of Vapor (Gas): 1.093; Latent Heat of Vaporization: 119, 66.2, 2.77; Heat of Combustion: −7058, −3921, −164.2; Heat of Decomposition: Not pertinent.

Health Hazards Information Recommended Personal Protective Equipment: Protective clothing when skin contact might occur; respiratory protection is necessary for all exposures; complete eye protection is recommended; Symptoms Following Exposure: Liquid is volatile and causes little irritation on unprotected skin. However, causes severe burns when cloning is wet with the chemical, or if it enters gloves or shoes; causes skin and eye burns and irritation of the respiratory tract. Nausea and vomiting may develop after exposure; General Treatment for Exposure: INHALATION: Move the victim immediately to fresh air; if breathing becomes difficult, give oxygen, and seek medical attention immediately. INGESTION: Do not induce vomiting. SKIN OR EYE CONTACT WITH LIQUID OR VAPOR: Flush immediately with clean, running water; wash eyes for at least 15 minutes; seek medical attention immediately; Toxicity by Inhalation (Threshold Limit Value): 5 ppm;...