Molecular Biology of Receptors and Transporters: Bacterial and Glucose Transporters (eBook)

Cover 1
Molecular Biology of Receptors and Transporters 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Contributors 10
Forward 12
Preface 14
Chapter 1. Bacterial Periplasmic Permeases as Model Systems for the Superfamily of Traffic ATPases Including the Multidrug Resistance Protein and the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator 16
I. Introduction 16
II. Periplasmic Permeases 18
III. Relevance to Eukaryotic Carriers 37
IV. Structure–Function Analysis of Eukaryotic Transporters 45
V. Future Prospects 46
References 47
Chapter 2. Amino Acid Transport in Bacteria 52
I. Introduction and Scope 52
II. LIV-I: The High-Affinity Branched Chain Amino Acid Transport System of Escherichia coli 53
III. Biochemistry and Mechanism of Amino Acid Transport 60
lV. Physiology and Regulation of Amino Acid Transport in Bacteria 80
References 105
Chapter 3. In and Out and Up and Down with Lac Permease 112
I. Permease Structure 113
II. Membrane Insertion and Stability of Lac Permease 116
III. Oligomeric State of Lac Permease 117
IV. In Vivo Expression of the Lac Y Gene in Two Fragments Leads to Functional Lactose Permease 119
V. Functional Complementation of Deletion Mutants 121
VI. Insertional Mutagenesis 123
VII. Use of Site-Directed Mutagenesis to Probe the Mechanism of Active Transport 125
VIII. Summary and Concluding Remarks 136
References 137
Chapter 4. Group Translocation of Glucose and Other Carbohydrates by the Bacterial Phosphotransferase System 142
I. Introduction to and Scope of This Article 142
II. The Bacterial Sugar Phosphotransferase System 143
III. Structure and Function of the PTS Transporters 149
IV. Perspectives 159
References 159
Chapter 5. Sugar–Cation Symport Systems in Bacteria 164
I. Introduction 164
II. The Number of Proton-Linked Sugar Transport Systems in Bacteria 166
III. Sugar Transport Systems in Eukaryotes 172
IV. Inhibitors of Proton-Linked Sugar Transport 177
V. The Locations of Genes Encoding Sugar–H+ Transport Proteins on the Chromosome of Escherichia coli 183
VI. The Primary Sequences of Sugar–H+ Transport Proteins Determined from DNA Sequences of the Genes 186
VII. Features of the Aligned Primary Sequences of the Homologous Sugar Transport Proteins 194
VIII. Similarities between Sugar, Carboxylate, and Antibiotic Transport Proteins 203
IX. Structural Models of the Transport Proteins 205
X. Identification of the Transport Proteins 206
XI. Reconstitution 209
XII. Conclusions 210
References 215
Chapter 6. Molecular and Cellular Physiology of GLUT-2, a High-Km Facilitated Diffusion Glucose Transporter 224
I. Introduction 224
II. Structural and Functional Characterization of GLUT-2 225
III. Tissue and Cellular Localization of GLUT-2 231
IV. Conclusion 249
References 250
Chapter 7. The Insulin-Sensitive Glucose Transporter 254
I. Introduction 254
II. The Translocation Hypothesis 255
III. Intracellular Trafficking of the "Insulin-Sensitive" Glucose Transporter 276
IV. Glucose Transport in Muscle 284
V. Long-Term Regulation of Insulin Responsiveness 290
VI. Regulators of Insulin-Responsive Glucose Transport 297
References 302
Chapter 8. Molecular Genetics of Yeast Ion Transport 314
I. Introduction 314
II. Plasma Membrane Ion Transport 315
III. Vacuolar Ion Transport 356
IV. Other Organelles 359
V. Concluding Remarks 362
References 364
Index 370