Nitric Oxide (eBook)

Cover 1
Copyright Page 5
Contents 8
Contributors 12
Preface 18
Section I: Overview of Basic Principles 20
Chapter 1. Introduction and Overview 22
Section II: Principles of Biology 40
Chapter 2. The Chemical Properties of Nitric Oxide and Related Nitrogen Oxides 42
Chapter 3. The Chemical Biology of Nitric Oxide 60
Chapter 4. The Biological Chemistry of Peroxynitrite 76
Chapter 5. A Comparison of the Biological Reactivity of Nitric Oxide and Peroxynitrite 102
Chapter 6. Structural Variations to Accommodate Functional Themes of the Isoforms of NO Synthases 110
Chapter 7. Regulation of the Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthase Isoforms 124
Chapter 8. Molecular Regulation of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase 148
Chapter 9. Molecular Control of Endothelial Derived Nitric Oxide. A New Paradigm for Endothelial NOS Regulation by Posttranslational Modification 176
Chapter 10. Tetrahydrobiopterin: An Essential Cofactor of Nitric Oxide Synthase with an Elusive Role 186
Chapter 11. Regulation of Arginine Availability and Its Impact on NO Synthesis 206
Chapter 12. Relationship between Arginase Activity and Nitric Oxide Production 218
Chapter 13. The Physical Properties of Nitric Oxide: Determinants of the Dynamics of NO in Tissue 228
Chapter 14. Membrane Transport of Arginine and Cationic Amino Acid Analogs 244
Chapter 15. The Respiratory Cycle: A Three-Gas System 262
Chapter 16. Role for Nitric Oxide and Other Radicals in Signal Transduction 270
Chapter 17. Antioxidant Actions of Nitric Oxide 284
Chapter 18. Mechanisms through Which Reactive Nitrogen and Oxygen Species Interact with Physiological Signaling Systems 296
Chapter 19. Nitric Oxide, Oxygen Radicals, and Iron Metabolism 312
Chapter 20. Redox Modulation of Iron Regulatory Proteins by Nitric Oxide and Peroxynitrite 334
Chapter 21. Nitric Oxide, Oxidative Stress, and Signal Transduction 348
Chapter 22. Mechanisms of Antioxidant Defense against Nitric Oxide/Peroxynitrite 362
Chapter 23. Regulation of Oxygen Metabolism by Nitric Oxide 374
Chapter 24. Structure–Function Relationships in NO-Sensitive Guanylyl Cyclase 388
Chapter 25. Mechanism of Activation of Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase by NO: Allosteric Regulation through Changes in Heme Coordination Geometry 400
Chapter 26. Cyclic GMP-Mediated Signaling Mechanisms in Smooth Muscle 420
Section III: Principles of Pathobiology 446
Chapter 27. Influence of Nitric Oxide on Neuroendocrine Function and Behavior 448
Chapter 28. Nitric Oxide and Cerebral Ischemia 458
Chapter 29. Role of Nitric Oxide in Neuronal Protection versus Apoptosis 472
Chapter 30. Nitric Oxide and Autoimmune Disease in the Nervous System: Pathobiology of Inflammation and Demyelination 484
Chapter 31. Role of Nitric Oxide in the Regulation of Blood Flow 502
Chapter 32. Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Transfer 522
Chapter 33. Functional Influence of Gene Transfer of Recombinant Nitric Oxide Synthase to Cardiovascular System 544
Chapter 34. Nitric Oxide and Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction 566
Chapter 35. Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor and Its Interaction with NO 588
Chapter 36. Role of Nitric Oxide in Myocardial Function 604
Chapter 37. Role of Nitric Oxide in the Microcirculation 628
Chapter 38. Activation of NOS by Ca2+-Dependent and Ca2+-Independent Mechanisms 640
Chapter 39. Role of Nitric Oxide in Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury 652
Chapter 40. Nitric Oxide: A Critical Determinant in Ischemia–Reperfusion 668
Chapter 41. Role of Nitric Oxide in Myocardial Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury 680
Chapter 42. Use of Mutant Mice to Elucidate Neuroprotective and Neurotoxic Actions of Nitric Oxide in Cerebral Ischemia 706
Chapter 43. Neurotoxic Actions and Mechanisms of Nitric Oxide 714
Chapter 44. Role of Macrophage-Derived Nitric Oxide in Target Cell Injury 730
Chapter 45. Physiological and Pathophysiological Roles of Nitric Oxide in Gastrointestinal Function 744
Chapter 46. Pathophysiological Effects of High-Output Production of Nitric Oxide 752
Chapter 47. Nitric Oxide and Septic Shock 766
Chapter 48. Nitric Oxide and Vascular Disease 778
Chapter 49. Cytotoxic Role of Nitric Oxide in Diabetes 804
Chapter 50. Role of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Autoimmune or Other Immune-Mediated Diseases 830
Chapter 51. Nitric Oxide and Platelet Function 842
Chapter 52. Pathophysiological Roles of Nitric Oxide in Inflammation 860
Chapter 53. Nitric Oxide, Chronic Joint Inflammation, and Pain 892
Chapter 54. Nitric Oxide and Cancer 914
Chapter 55. Vascular Nitric Oxide in Health and Disease 940
Chapter 56. Clinical Therapy with Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Respiratory Diseases 950
Chapter 57. Airborne Nitric Oxide in Health and Disease 966
Chapter 58. Nitric Oxide and Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension in the Newborn 982
Index 1002