Imaging in Transplantation (eBook)

Foreword 5
Preface 6
Contents 8
Solid Organ Transplantation: Past, Present, and Future Challenges 9
1.1 Historical Overview 9
1.2 Organ Procurement for Transplantation 10
1.3 Patient Selection for Transplantation 11
1.4 Immune Responses to Allografts/ Xenotransplantation 12
1.5 Role of Imaging in Transplantation 13
1.6 Ethical and Economical Issues in Organ Transplantation 15
References 16
Heart Transplantation 18
2.1 Epidemiological, Clinical and Surgical Considerations 18
2.1.1 History and Epidemiology 18
2.1.2 Pre- Surgical Evaluation: Recipient Evaluation and Selection 19
2.1.3 Operation 21
2.1.4 Perioperative Complications and Problems 30
2.1.5 Cardiac Retransplantation 31
2.1.6 Strategies of Immunosuppression 31
2.1.7 Endomyocardial Biopsy, Acute and Chronic Rejection 32
2.1.8 Infections After Cardiac Transplantation 33
2.1.9 Long- Term Survival After Heart Transplantation 34
2.1.10 Conclusion 35
References 35
2.2 Imaging in Heart Transplantation 39
2.2.1 Introduction 39
2.2.2 Complications of Cardiac Transplantation – An Overview 40
2.2.3 Cardiac Transplantation – The Pre-Surgical Evaluation 40
2.2.4 Cardiac Transplantation – Overview of the Operation 41
2.2.5 Cardiac Transplantation – The Immediate Post- Surgical Period 42
2.2.6 Cardiac Transplantation – The First Year 43
2.2.7 Infection 46
2.2.8 Cardiac Transplantation – After 1 Year 51
2.2.9 Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy of the Coronary Arteries 52
2.2.10 Post- Transplant Malignancy 53
2.2.11 Other Complications of Therapy 54
References 55
Renal Transplantation: Epidemiological, Clinical, Radiological and Surgical Considerations 57
3.1 Epidemiological Considerations 57
3.2 Presurgical Evaluations 58
3.3 Current Surgical Techniques 60
3.4 Radiological Assessment of the Graft 61
3.5 Early Postoperative Phase 64
3.6 Long- Term Follow- Up 91
3.7 Emergent Imaging Techniques 97
References 101
Liver Transplantation 105
4.1 Epidemiological, Clinical and Surgical Considerations 105
4.1.1 Introduction 105
4.1.2 Epidemiology and Indications for Liver Transplantation 105
4.1.3 Preoperative Evaluation 107
4.1.4 Postoperative Phase: Early Postoperative Complications 110
4.1.5 Long- Term Follow- Up: Late Complications 113
4.1.6 Conclusions 115
References 115
4.2 Imaging of Liver Transplantation 116
4.2.1 Introduction 116
4.2.2 Surgical Anatomy 116
4.2.3 Imaging Modalities 119
4.2.4 Recipients 120
4.2.5 Donors 132
References 139
Lung Transplantation 143
5.1 Epidemiological, Clinical and Surgical Considerations 143
5.1.1 Introduction 143
5.1.2 Pretransplant Evaluation and Imaging 146
5.1.3 Imaging During the First 3 Months After Transplantation 147
5.1.4 Complications 147
5.1.5 Long- Term Follow- Up 152
5.1.6 Imaging of Interventional Complications 155
References 155
5.2 Imaging of Lung Transplantation 157
5.2.1 Introduction 157
5.2.2 Preoperative Imaging 160
5.2.3 Postoperative Complications 160
References 174
Bone Marrow Transplantation 180
6.1 Hematopoietic Transplantation 180
6.1.1 Introduction 180
6.1.2 History 181
6.1.3 Indications 182
6.1.4 Transplantation Technique 182
6.1.5 Transplant Complications 185
6.1.6 Results 188
6.1.7 Future Developments 189
References 189
6.2 Imaging in Bone Marrow Transplantation 190
6.2.1 Introduction 190
6.2.2 Clinical Considerations 191
6.2.3 Integrating Clinical Factors, Imaging Findings, and Other Diagnostic Procedures 191
6.2.4 Infectious Complications 193
6.2.5 Non- Infectious Complications 200
6.2.6 Conclusion 209
References 209
Imaging in Pancreas and Intestinal Transplantation 214
7.1 Introduction to Pancreas Transplantation 214
7.2 Organ Procurement 215
7.3 Back- Table Reconstruction 215
7.4 Pancreas Transplantation 215
7.5 Posttransplantation Complications 217
7.6 Imaging Techniques 217
7.7 Imaged Abnormalities 217
7.8 Vascular Graft Complications Including Rejection 223
7.10 Other Transplantation-Associated Complications 225
7.9 Pancreatic Graft Complications Including Infection 225
7.11 Introduction to Intestinal Transplantation 229
7.12 Intestinal Transplantation 231
7.13 Multivisceral Transplantation 232
7.14 Liver- Intestinal Transplantation 236
7.15 Posttransplantation Complications 239
7.16 Imaging Modalities 239
7.17 Imaged Abnormalities 240
7.18 Intestinal Graft Complications Including Infection 240
7.19 Vascular Graft Complications 242
7.20 Other Transplantation-Associated Complications 242
References 245
Subject Index 247
List of Contributors 254