Clinical Challenges and Complications of IBD

Miguel D. Regueiro, MD, is Professor of Medicine at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Head of the Clinical Inflammatory Bowel Disease Program, and Co-Director of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. He is also the Associate Chief for Education and Director of the Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Fellowship Training Program at the University of Pittsburgh. Dr. Regueiro’s primary clinical and research interest is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with a focus on Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Dr. Regueiro has published extensively on the prevention and management of postoperative Crohn’s disease and genotype–phenotype correlations in IBD. He is the principal investigator on several multicenter, international research trials and conducts clinical research that defines the natural course and phenotypes of IBD. Dr. Regueiro has developed a multidisciplinary IBD Center that operates as a state-of-the-art clinic for patients with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Dr. Regueiro received his BA at the University of Pennsylvania and earned his medical degree at Hahnemann University. He completed his internal medicine internship and residency and clinical and research fellowship training in gastroenterology at Harvard Medical School’s Beth Israel Hospital. Dr. Regueiro has received several honors, including membership in several professional and scientific societies, including the Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Society, the Joan Komblum Memorial Prize for Excellence in Internal Medicine, the Clinical Investigator Training Award from Harvard/MIT Health Sciences, the Crohn’s Colitis Foundation of America Physician of the Year, the National Research Excellence in Gastroenterology Disease Award, and American Gastroenterology Association and American College of Gastroenterology Fellowships. Jason M. Swoger, MD, MPH, is Assistant Professor of Medicine in the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. He is Associate Program Director of the Gastroenterology Fellowship Program. Prior to attending medical school, he completed a Master’s of Public Health, with a focus on epidemiology, at the University of Illinois at Chicago. Dr. Swoger received his medical degree from Eastern Virginia Medical School, in Norfolk, VA, where he was a member of the Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Society. He then went on to complete his internal medicine residency training at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation. His fellowship training in gastroenterology was pursued at the Mayo Clinic, in Rochester, MN, where he developed an interest in inflammatory bowel disease, as well as in clinical research. His current research interests include the epidemiology and therapeutics of inflammatory bowel disease, as well as clinical trials. Dr. Swoger is a member of several professional and scientific societies, including the American Gastroenterological Association, the American College of Gastroenterology, and the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation of America (CCFA), and he is a member of the CCFA Research Alliance. He lives in Pittsburgh with his wife, Lisa.

Dedication Acknowledgments About the Editors Contributing Authors Preface Introduction Section I Complications Related to IBD Chapter 1 Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Crohn’s Disease Mark Lazarev, MD and Jemilat O. Badamas, MD Chapter 2 Internal Fistula, Abscesses, and Strictures: Evaluation With Novel Radiographic Techniques and Clinical Management Peter D.R. Higgins, MD, PhD, MSc Chapter 3 Perianal Disease and Perianal Fistulizing Disease in Crohn’s Disease Leyla J. Ghazi, MD and David A. Schwartz, MD Chapter 4 Toxic Ulcerative Colitis and Megacolon Garret Cullen, MD and Adam S. Cheifetz, MD Chapter 5 Dysplasia and Colorectal Cancer Fernando Velayos, MD, MPH Chapter 6 Infections in IBD: Clostridium difficile and Cytomegalovirus Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan, MD, MPH Section II Extraintestinal Manifestations of IBD Chapter 7 Joint Disease Kim L. Isaacs, MD, PhD Chapter 8 Skin and Oral Disease Lisa M. Grandinetti, MD, FAAD, MMS and Jason M. Swoger, MD, MPH Chapter 9 Eye Disease Aaron S. Bancil, BSc (Hons); David G. Walker, BSC (Hons), MBBS, MD (Res), MRCP; and Timothy R. Orchard, MA, MD, DM, FRCP Chapter 10 Hepatobiliary Disease Mark E. Gerich, MD and Edward V. Loftus Jr, MD Section III General Health and Metabolic Complications of IBD Chapter 11 Women’s Health: Pregnancy, Fertility, and Cervical Cancer Monika Fischer, MD, MSCR and Sunanda Kane, MD, MSPH Chapter 12 Nutritional Complications of IBD Sulieman Abdal Raheem, MD; Omer J. Deen, MD; and Donald F. Kirby, MD, FACP, FACN, FACG, AGAF, CNSC, CPNS Chapter 13 Vaccination and Immunization Issues for Patients With IBD Gil Y. Melmed, MD, MS Chapter 14 Psychiatric Complications of IBD David Benhayon, MD, PhD and Eva Szigethy, MD, PhD Section IV Complications Due to Immunomodulators and Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factors Chapter 15 Immunomodulators: Azathioprine/6-Mercaptopurine and Methotrexate Miles P. Sparrow, MBBS, FRACP and David T. Rubin, MD Chapter 16 Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy: Safety and Toxicity A. Hillary Steinhart, MD, MSc, FRCP(C) Section V Postoperative Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis Chapter 17 Postoperative Crohn’s Disease Recurrence and Prevention Miguel D. Regueiro, MD Chapter 18 Ulcerative Colitis: Pouchitis and Stoma Complications Udayakumar Navaneethan, MD and Bo Shen, MD Financial Disclosures Index