International Handbook of Workplace Trauma Support

Rick Hughes is Lead Advisor: Workplace for the British Association for Counseling and Psychotherapy (BACP), the lead body for the therapeutic community in the UK. Hughes has supported individuals and organizations in a range of circumstances including post-9/11, the London bombings, and the Asian tsunami. Andrew Kinder is a Chartered Counselling & Occupational Psychologist and Chief Psychologist with Atos Healthcare, and a Fellow of the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy. Cary Cooper CBE, is Distinguished  Professor of Organizational Psychology and Health at Lancaster University, President of the British Association for Counseling & Psychotherapy (BACP), President of RELATE, Chair of the Academy of Social Sciences, and Editor of Stress and Health.

About the Editors ix

List of Contributors xi

A The Evolution and Development of Workplace Trauma Support 1

1 The Evolution of Models of Early Intervention for Adults: From Inspired Help Giving toward Evidence-based Pragmatism 3
Roderick J. Ørner

2 Evidence-based Trauma Management for Organizations: Developments and Prospects 17
Jo Rick and Rob Briner

3 Large-scale Trauma: Institutionalizing Pre- and Post-trauma Prevention, Intervention, and Treatment 30
Joyce A. Adkins and Bryan M. Davidson

4 Commonalities and New Directions in Post-trauma Support Interventions: From Pathology to the Promotion of Post-traumatic Growth 48
Stephen Regel and Atle Dyregrov

B The Legal and Business Imperatives to Manage Trauma Effectively 69

5 The Trauma Impact on Organizations: Causes, Consequences, and Remedies 71
Ronald J. Burke

6 ASSIST: A Model for Supporting Staff in Secure Healthcare Settings after Traumatic Events That Is Expanding into Other European Territories 87
Annette Greenwood, Carol Rooney, and Vittoria Ardino

7 SAV-T First: Managing Workplace Violence 105
Kate Calnan, E. K. Kelloway, and Kathryne E. Dupre

8 The Occupational Implication of the Prolonged Effects of Repeated Exposure to Traumatic Stress 121
Alexander C. McFarlane

9 The Challenge for Effective Interventions in a Violent Society: Boundaries and Crossovers between Workplace and Community 139
Merle Friedman and Gerrit van Wyk

10 Adversity: Reconceptualizing the Post-trauma Response 154
Kevin Friery

C New Understandings on Models of Trauma Support 165

11 The Role and Nature of Early Intervention: The Edinburgh Psychological First Aid and Early Intervention Programs 167
Chris Freeman and Patricia Graham

12 An Organizational Approach to the Management of Potential Traumatic Events: Trauma Risk Management (TRiM) – the Development of a Peer Support Process from the Royal Navy to the Police and Emergency Services 181
Neil Greenberg and Marilyn Wignall

13 Evidence-Based Support for Work-related Trauma: The Royal Mail Group Experience 199
Jo Rick, Andrew Kinder, and Steven Boorman

14 The Development of a Practice Research Network and Its Use in the Evaluation of the “Rewind” Treatment of Psychological Trauma in Different Settings 213
William Andrews and Scott Miller

15 The Emergency Behaviour Officer (EBO): The Use of Accurate Behavioral Information in Emergency Preparedness and Response in Public and Private Sector Settings 227
Mooli Lahad, Ruvie Rogel, and Steven Crimando

16 Trauma-related Dissociation in the Workplace 240
Onno van der Hart, Xiao Lu Wang, and Roger M. Solomon

D The Theory and Practice of Post-trauma Support 257

17 Utilization of EMDR in the Treatment of Workplace Trauma 259
Roger Solomon and Isabel Fernandez

18 Trauma Inoculation: Mindful Preparation for the Unexpected 274
Gordon Turnbull, Rebekah Lwin, and Stuart McNab

19 How Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) Respond to Trauma Support and Critical Incident Management: An International Focus 295
Mandy Rutter

20 Training Resilience for High-risk Environments: Towards a Strength-based Approach within the Military 313
Sylvie Boermans, Roos Delahaij, Hans Korteling, and Martin Euwema

E The Organizational Response to Trauma Support 331

21 Preparing for and Managing Trauma within Organizations: How to Rehabilitate Employees Back to Work 333
Andrew Kinder and Jo Rick

22 Healing the Traumatized Organization: An Exploration of Post-trauma Recovery and Growth in the Workplace Setting Using the Metaphor of the Nervous System as a Template to Highlight Collective Learning 350
Tony Buckley and Alison Dunn

23 The Management of Emotionally Disturbing Interventions in Fire and Rescue Services: Psychological Triage as a Framework for Acute Support 368
Erik L. J. L. De Soir

24 Working with Tsunami Survivors in South India: The Problem Lies in a Four-letter Word 384
Sue Santi Ireson and Hash Patel

25 Turning Training into Reality: Considerations When Training Teams for Deployment to Disasters 401
Gail Rowntree and Mark Akerlund

26 Combating the Effects of Post-traumatic Stress and Other Trauma Associated with the Theatre of War 416
Walter Busuttil

27 Trauma Counseling and Psychological Support in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) 436
Xiaoping Zhu, Zhen Wang, and Tony Buon

28 How Professionals can Help the Traumatized Organization 447
Pauline Rennie Peyton

29 Military Veterans’ Mental Health: Long-term Post-trauma Support Needs 458
Walter Busuttil

30 Post-trauma Support: Learning from the Past to Help Shape a Better Future 474
Rick Hughes, Andrew Kinder, and Cary Cooper

Index 487