Hormones

Anthony W. Norman received his A.B. from Oberlin College in 1959, and an M.S. and Ph.D. in Biochemistry in 1961 and 1963, respectively, from the University of Wisconsin, Madison. Following postdoctoral work in Paul D. Boyer’s group at UCLA, in 1964 he joined the Department of Biochemistry at University of California, Riverside, as an Assistant Professor. From 1976 to 1981 he served as Chair of the department and currently holds a Presidential Chair and is a Distinguished Professor of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences. Dr. Norman has also been active for some 25 years in medical education on the UC-Riverside campus and at UCLA through participation in the UR/UCLA Program in Biomedical Sciences, of which he was Dean and Director from 1986 to 1991. Dr. Norman's biomedical research career has focused on the mechanism of action of the vitamin D family of steroids. His chief contributions to these areas of cellular and molecular endocrinology have played a pivotal role in defining the boundaries of this research domain via discoveries that have opened new areas of investigation. The first of these was the discovery in 1968, and chemical characterization in 1971, of the hormonally active form of vitamin D, 1a,25(OH)2-vitamin D3. Subsequent achievements include the discovery and characterization of the nuclear receptor for 1a,25(OH)2D3, the clinical evaluation of 1a,25(OH)2D3 in renal osteodystrophy, articulation of the concept of the vitamin D endocrine system, the importance of 1a,25(OH)2D3 to insulin secretion and the discovery of a new rapid, nongenomic, signal transduction process for 1a,25(OH)2D3. Dr. Norman has been the recipient of awards that include a Fulbright Fellowship, 1970; Public Health Service Career Development Award, 1970; Mead Johnson Award, American Institute of Nutrition, 1977; Ernst Oppenheimer Award, Endocrine Society, 1977; Visiting Lecturer Australian Society of Endocrinology, 1978; Visiting Faculty Member, Mayo Clinic, 1981; Prix Andre. Helen L. Henry received her Ph.D. in 1970 from Washington University, St. Louis and did postdoctoral work in animal reproduction at Ohio State University. Following further postdoctoral work at University of California, Riverside, she joined the faculty and is currently Professor of Biochemistry. From 1990 to 1996 she served as Associate Dean of Biological Sciences in the College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences.Dr. Henry’s laboratory has made major contributions to the understanding of vitamin D metabolism, particularly regulation of the production of the active vitamin D hormone by the kidney. She pioneered the use of cell culture systems to study renal vitamin D metabolism. A related area of research focus is the regulation of gene expression in the kidney by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. In addition to peer-reviewed research articles, Dr. Henry has authored chapters for the books Vitamin D and Handbook of Physiology, as well as the chapter on “Vitamin D Metabolism” for this Encyclopedia.Dr. Henry was awarded a National Institutes of Health (NIH) Research Career Development Award in 1977. She received the Fuller Albright Award from the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research in 1984 and has served this Society as a member of the Council and several Scientific Program Committees. Dr. Henry has been a member of the NIH General Medicine B Study Section (1989-1993) and the National Science Foundation Panel on Integrative Biology (1994-1996). She has served on the editorial boards of several scientific journals, including Endocrinology, American Journal of Physiology, and the Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. She is currently a member of the Endocrine Society, the American Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, and the American Institute of Nutritional Sciences.

1. Introduction
2. Steroid Hormones: Chemistry, Biosynthesis, and Metabolism
3. The Hypothalamus and Anterior Pituitary
4. Posterior Pituitary Hormones
5. Thyroid Hormones
6. Pancreatic Hormones: Insulin and Glucagon
7. Gastrointestinal Hormones
8. Eicosanoids
9. Calcium-Regulating Hormones: Vitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone, Calcitonin & Fibroblast Growth Factor-23
10. Adrenal Corticoids
11. Hormones of the Adrenal Medulla
12. Androgens
13. Estrogens and Progestins
14. Hormones of Pregnancy, Parturition and Lactation
15. Hormones Related to the Kidney and Cardiovascular System
16. The Pineal Gland
17. Growth Factors