Pathobiology of the Human Atherosclerotic Plaque

1. Questions About the Natural History of Human Atherosclerosis.- Cellular Contents.- 2. Arterial Endothelial Structure and Permeability as It Relates to Susceptibility to Atherogenesis.- 3. Second Messengers in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells: Regulation of Endothelial Monolayer Formation and Repair.- 4. Cytoskeletal Characterization of Smooth Muscle Cells of Human and Experimental Atherosclerotic Plaques.- 5. Phenotypic Changes in Smooth Muscle Cells of Human Atherosclerotic Plaques.- 6. Changes in the Cells of Atherosclerotic Lesions as Advanced Lesions Evolve in Coronary Arteries of Children and Young Adults.- 7. Inflammatory Components of the Human Atherosclerotic Plaque.- 8. The Role of Macrophages in Human Atherosclerosis.- 9. Recent Observations on Human Atherosclerotic Lesions, and their Possible Significance.- Tissue Organization and Architecture.- 10. Intimal Lipids and Associated Changes in Intimal Composition.- 11. Evolution of the Atherosclerotic Plaque-A Physicochemical Approach to Lipid Deposition.- 12. Modification of Collagen and Elastin in the Human Atherosclerotic Plaque.- 13. Nature and Importance of Proteoglycans in the Atherosclerotic Plaque.- 14. Biochemical and Immunological Evidence for the Presence of Lipoprotein-Antilipoprotein Immune Complexes in Human Atherosclerotic Plaques.- 15. Mechanisms of Calcification in Atherosclerosis.- 16. Characterization of Nucleating Proteolipids from Calcified and Non-Calcified Atherosclerotic Lesions.- Pathobiologic Processes.- 17. The Problems of Procedures for the Study of the Pathological Processes of Human Atherosclerosis.- 18. Problems and Progress in Understanding "Endothelial Permeability" and Mass Transport in Human Arteries.- 19. Accumulating Evidence from Human Artery Studies of What Gets Transported and What Accumulates Relative to Atherogenesis.- 20. How Hemodynamic Forces in the Human Affect the Topography and Development of Atherosclerosis.- 21. What Do We Find in Human Atherosclerosis that Provides Insight into the Hemodynamic Factors in Atherogenesis?.- 22. Cell Births and Cell Deaths in the Human Atherosclerotic Plaque as Evaluated from Human Studies.- 23. Immunocytochemical Analysis of the Cellular Composition of Atherosclerotic Lesions in the Human Aorta.- 24. An Overview of Thrombosis and Platelet Involvement in the Development of the Human Atherosclerotic Plaque.- 25. Observations Regarding the Thrombotic Process in Human Subjects.- 26. Plaque Hemorrhages, Their Genesis and Their Role in Supra-Plaque Thrombosis and Atherogenesis.- 27. Mechanical Properties of Human Atherosclerotic Lesions.- 28. Cinemicrographic Studies of the Vasa Vasorum of Human Coronary Arteries.- 29. Atherosclerosis Regression and Arterial Repair.- 30. Adaptive Responses of the Artery Wall as Human Atherosclerosis Develops.- 31. Hemodynamic Consequences of Changes in the Artery Wall During Atherogenesis.- 32. Lipoproteins and Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis.- 33. A Cellular Basis for the Potential Atherogenicity of Triglycer-ide-Rich Lipoproteins.- Response of Human Lesions to Direct Intervention and Risk Factor Control.- 34. Strategies for Statistical Analysis of Angiographic Data: Individual Lesions Versus Individual Patients.- 35. Quantitative Arteriography in Coronary Intervention Trials: Rationale, Study Design, and Lipid Response in the University of Washington Familial Atherosclerosis Treatment Study (FATS).- 36. Measured Coronary Lesion Change in Relation to Blood Lipid Levels in the Leiden Intervention Trial and a View of the Atherosclerotic Process.- 37. The Repetitive Plasma Exchange/Drug Trial in Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Very Early Results from Two-Year Coronary Angiograms.- 38. Histologic and Functional Basis for Ameliorating Plaques by Percutaneous Translumial Angioplasty.- 39. Angioplasty, Laser Probes and Atherectomy.- Evaluation of Lesion Status in Major Arterial Beds.- 40. Late Changes in Saphenous Vein Aorto-Coronary Bypass Grafts: Clinical, Angiographic, Lipid and Pathological Correlations.- 41. Atherosclerosis of Saphenous Vein Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts in Relation to Risk Factors.- 42. Femoral Lesion Change in Relation to Measured Risk Factors in the Stockholm-Uppsala Trial.- 43. Arteriography of Patients Included in a Regression Study.- 44. Ultrasound Lesions of the Carotid Artery and Risk Factors in Men.- 45. Clinical Trials in Atherosclerosis: Summary and Overview.- Current and Prospective Methods for Detecting Plaque Change.- 46. Ultrasonic Evaluation of Arterial Wall Dynamics.- 47. Role of Doppler Ultrasound in Monitoring Atherosclerotic Disease Progression.- 48. Ultrasonic Evaluation of Arterial Intima and Media Thickness: Development and Validation of Methodology.- 49. Multicenter Validation Study of Real Time (B Mode) Ultrasound, Arteriography, and Pathology: I. Methods and Materials.- 50. Multicenter Validation Study of Real Time (B Mode) Ultrasound, Arteriography, and Pathology: II. Repeatability/Variability Assessment.- 51 Multicenter Validation Study of Real Time (B Mode) Ultrasound Arteriography, and Pathology: III. Sensitivity and Specificity Assessment.- 52. Multicenter Validation Study of Real Time (B Mode) Ultrasound, Arteriography, and Pathology: IV. Comparison of B Mode Ultrasonic Imaging with Arteriography in Lower Extremity Arteries.- 53. Multicenter Validation Study of Real Time (B Mode) Ultrasound, Arteriography, and Pathology: V. Pathologic Evaluation of Endarteroctomy Specimens and of Perfusion Fixed Carotid Arteries.- 54. Lessons Learned, Unresolved Problems and Future Opportunities. U.S. Multicenter Assessment of B Mode Ultrasound Imaging.- 55. Computer Image Processing Methods to Quantify Atherosclerosis Change: Problems and Prospects.- 56. External Imaging of Active Atherosclerosis with 99mTc-LDL.- 57. Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Visualization of Vasculature and Atherosclerosis.- 58. Plaque Characterization-An Integrated Approach.- 59. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC): A Follow-up Study of Early Arterial Lesions in the General Population.- 60. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities-Ultrasound Reading Center: Quantitative B Mode Scanning Protocol.- 61. Ultrasound Measurement of Atherosclerosis: Directions for Epidemiology.- 62. Ultrasound Studies of Factors Associated with Early Athero-mata: Design Considerations.- Summary.- 63. Conclusions: Perspectives for Future Study of Human Plaques.