Health Promotion Programs

Carl I. Fertman, PhD, CHES, is associate professor in Health and Physical Activity and executive director of the Maximizing Adolescent Potentials (MAPS) Program, both in the School of Education at the University of Pittsburgh. He is the author of Youth Leadership from Jossey-Bass. Diane D. Allensworth, PhD, is professor emeritus, College of Education, Kent State University. Society for Public Health Education (SOPHE) is the leading international professional association for health education professionals, faculty, and students. Founded in 1950, SOPHE is the only independent, professional organization devoted exclusively to health education and health promotion in all settings.

Figures, Tables, and Exhibits ix Preface xiii Carl I. Fertman, Diane D. Allensworth The Contributors xix SOPHE xxv PART ONE: FOUNDATIONS OF HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAMS 1. What Are Health Promotion Programs? 3 Carl I. Fertman, Diane D. Allensworth, M. Elaine Auld Health, Health Promotion, and Health Promotion Programs 4 Historical Context for Health Promotion 8 Healthy People: A National Public-Private Partnership to Promote Health 12 Health Education and Health Promotion 15 Settings for Health Promotion Programs 18 Stakeholders in Health Promotion Programs 21 2. Health Promotion Programs Designed to Eliminate Health Disparities 29 Francisco Soto Mas, Diane D. Allensworth, Camara Phyllis Jones Population Groups and Health Disparities 30 Understanding Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health 37 Program Strategies to Eliminate Health Disparities Among Minorities 38 3. Theory in Health Promotion Programs 57 Leonard Jack Jr., Melissa Grim, Tyra Gross, Sara Lynch, Carlen McLin Theory in Health Promotion Programs 58 Foundational Theories: Intrapersonal Level 60 Foundational Theories: Interpersonal Level 64 Foundational Theories: Population Level 67 Health Promotion Program Planning Models 71 Using Health Theories and Planning Models 79 PART TWO: PLANNING HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAMS 4. Assessing the Needs of Program Participants 91 James H. Price, Joseph A. Dake, Britney Ward Defining a Needs Assessment 92 Conducting a Health Needs Assessment 97 Promoting a Needs Assessment 98 Using Primary Data Methods and Tools 99 Using Secondary Data Methods and Tools 106 Reporting and Sharing the Findings 108 5. Making Decisions to Create and Support a Program 121 W. William Chen, Jiunn-Jye Sheu, Huey-Shys Chen Identifying a Mission Statement, Goals, and Objectives 122 Writing Program Objectives 124 Deciding on Program Interventions 127 Selecting Health Promotion Materials 131 Using Evidence-Based Interventions 132 Developing Effective Policies and Procedures 139 Transitioning to Program Implementation 146 PART THREE: IMPLEMENTING HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAMS 6. Implementation Tools, Program Staff, and Budgets 153 Jean M. Breny Bontempi, Michael C. Fagen, Kathleen M. Roe From Program Planning to Action Planning 154 Preparing a Logic Model 155 Using a Gantt Chart to Guide Implementation 161 Planning for Implementation Challenges 164 Hiring and Managing High-Quality Program Staff 168 Budgeting and Fiscal Management 171 7. Advocacy 181 Regina A. Galer-Unti, Kelly Bishop Alley, Regina McCoy Pulliam Creating an Advocacy Agenda for a Program 182 Advocacy as a Professional Responsibility 184 Examples of Successful Health Policy Advocacy 185 Becoming Fluent in the Language of Advocacy 187 Forming Alliances and Partnerships for Advocacy 192 Advocacy Methods 194 Advocacy and Technology 199 8. Communicating Health Information Effectively 203 Neyal J. Ammary-Risch, Allison Zambon, Kelli McCormack Brown Communication in Health Promotion Programs 204 Developing a Communication Plan for a Site 212 Developing and Pretesting Concepts, Messages, and Materials 218 9. Developing and Increasing Program Funding 233 Carl I. Fertman, Karen A. Spiller, Angela D. Mickalide Sources of Program Funding 234 Funding Varies by Program Participants and Setting 238 Writing a Grant Proposal 240 Maintaining Relationships with Funders 247 Fundraising 249 Working with Board Members 252 PART FOUR: EVALUATING AND SUSTAINING HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAMS 10. Evaluating and Improving a Health Promotion Program 259 Daniel Perales, Andy Fourney, Barbara MkNelly, Edward Mamary Program Evaluation Defi nition, Types, and Terms 260 Evaluation Frameworks 267 Evaluation Designs 271 Data Collection and Analysis 274 Evaluation Reports 274 Evaluation and Program Design 280 Implementing an Evaluation 283 11. Leadership for Change and Sustainability 291 David A. Sleet, Sara L. Cole Catalyzing and Mastering Change 292 Engaging Participants and Building Support 295 Ensuring Competence Through Credentialing 303 Enhancing Program Impact and Sustainability 306 PART FIVE: HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAMS IN DIVERSE SETTINGS 12. Promoting Health in Schools and Universities 313 Marlene K. Tappe, Diane D. Allensworth, Jim Grizzell Rationale for Promoting Health in Schools and Universities 314 Evolving Role of Promoting Health in Schools and Universities 316 Current Role of Promoting Health in Schools and Universities 316 Resources and Tools 324 Challenges 330 Career Opportunities 334 13. Patient-Focused Health Promotion Programs in Health Care Organizations 341 Louise Villejo, Cezanne Garcia, Katherine Crosson Evolving Role of Programs in Health Care Organizations 342 Effective Programs in Health Care Organizations 345 Resources for Programs in Health Care Organizations 352 Challenges for Programs in Health Care Organizations 357 Career Opportunities in Health Care Organizations 361 14. Health Promotion Programs in Workplace Settings 369 Laura Linnan, Kimberly L. Peabody, Jennifer Wieland Workplace Health Promotion 1970 to the Present 370 Resources and Tools 374 Challenges 379 Career Opportunities 385 15. Promoting Community Health: Local Health Departments and Community Health Organizations 393 Michael T. Hatcher, Diane D. Allensworth, Frances D. Butterfoss Brief History of Local Health Organizations 394 Local Health Department Services 397 Community Health Organization Services 401 Resources and Tools 404 Challenges 410 Career Opportunities 414 Glossary 421 Index 443