Cardiovascular Anesthesia

1 Cardivascular Anatomy and Physiology.- Anatomy.- Physiology.- Summary.- 2 Preoperative Evaluation and Preparation of Cardiac Surgical Patients.- History and Physical Examination.- Evaluation of Left Ventricular Function.- Electrocardiography.- Cardiac Radiology.- Echocardiography.- Phonocardiography.- Systolic Time Intervals.- Cardiac Catheterization.- Preoperative Assessment.- Preoperative Preparation.- 3 Intraoperative Monitoring of Cardiac Patients.- Hemodynamic Monitoring.- Electrocardiography.- Temperature.- Electroencephalography.- Miscellaneous.- 4 Cardiovascular Effects of Anesthetics, Drugs, and Adjuncts.- Inhalation Agents.- Intravenous Agents.- Other Narcotics.- Narcotic Antagonists.- Barbiturates.- Etomidate.- Tranquilizers.- Ketamine.- Neuromuscular Blocking Agents.- 5 Anesthesia for Patients with Coronary Artery Disease.- Coronary Artery Disease.- Myocardial Oxygen Supply-Demand Balance.- Monitoring Requirements.- Intraoperative Myocardial Ischemia.- Anesthesia.- Specific Associated Disease States.- Summary.- 6 Anesthesia for Patients with Valvular Heart Disease.- Mitral Valve Disease.- Aortic Valve Disease.- Pulmonic Valve Disease.- Tricuspid Valve Disease.- Patients with Prosthetic Heart Valves.- Cardiomyopathies.- Intracardiac Tumors.- 7 Anesthesia for Patients with Congenital Heart Disease.- Fetal and Neonatal Circulation.- Acyanotic Lesions.- Cyanotic Lesions.- Specific Anesthetic Considerations in Pediatric Patients.- 8 Postoperative Care of Cardiac Patients.- Intensive Care Unit.- Cardiac Care.- Respiratory Care.- Hepatic Care.- Renal Care.- Summary.- 9 Cardiac Arrhythmias.- Incidence.- Evaluation by ECG.- Recognition of Arrhythmia Type and Other ECG Abnormalities.- Management of Atrial Arrhythmias.- Cardioversion.- Management of Ventricular Dysrhythmias.- 10 Pharmacology of Cardiac Drugs.- Antiarrhythmic Drugs.- ?-Adrenergic Stimulating Drugs.- Vasopressor Drugs.- Vasodilator Drugs.- Diuretics.- Digitalis.- Antihypertensive Drugs.- Miscellaneous Drugs.- 11 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation.- Review of Current Techniques.- Physiology.- New Techniques.- Postresuscitation Care.- 12 Cardiac Surgery: Operative Techniques.- Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery.- Left Ventricular Aneurysmectomy.- Valve Replacement.- Repair of Common Congenital Defects.- 13 Cardiopulmonary Bypass.- Anatomy.- Physiology.- Complications.- Pharmacology.- Special Techniques.- 14 Intra-aortic Balloon Pumping and Other Circulatory Assist Devices.- Intra-aortic Balloon Pump.- Pulsatile Assist Device.- Left Ventricular Assist Devices.- 15 Myocardial Preservation During Open Heart Surgery.- Myocardial Metabolism.- Myocardial Ischemia.- Cardioplegia Solutions.- Reperfusion.- 16 Blood: Coagulation, Anticoagulation, and Conservation During Open Heart Surgery.- Preexisting Coagulation and Hematologic Defects.- Anticoagulants and Their Antagonism.- Monitoring Coagulation Function.- Coagulopathies.- Blood Conservation.- 17 The Complications of Cardiac Surgery.- Cardiac Complications.- Neurologic Complications.- Respiratory Complications.- Hepatic Complications.- Renal Complications.- Infectious Complications.- Bleeding.- Miscellaneous Complications.- 18 Anesthesia for Thoracic and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms.- Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.- Monitoring.- Perfusion Techniques.- Anesthetic Techniques.- Complications.- 19 Anesthesia and Cerebrovascular Disease.- Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Therapy.- Monitoring.- Cerebral Blood Flow.- Anesthetic Techniques.- Complications.- Combined Procedures.- 20 Anesthesia and Renal Disease.- Normal Renal Function.- Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System and Antagonists.- Pathophysiology of Renovascular Hypertension.- Monitoring Renal Function.- Anesthetic Effects on Renal Function.- Renal Failure in Cardiovascular Surgery.- Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Surgery in Patients with Renal Failure.- 21 Pacemakers.- Indications.- Types of Pacemakers.- Electrode Systems.- Technique for Placement.- Pulse Generators.- Anesthetic Management.- Monitoring.- Complications.- 22 Pericardial Diseases.- The Normal Pericardium.- Etiology and Incidence.- Cardiac Tamponade.- Constrictive Pericarditis.- Anesthetic Management.