Implementing SOA Using Java EE

Dr. B. V. Kumar, currently Director (Technology) and Chief Architect at Cognizant Technology Solutions, has been working with Enterprise Java technologies for several years. He is a coauthor of Web Services–An Introduction andJ2EE Architecture. Prakash Narayan, cofounder and CTO at Micello, Inc., had responsibility for Java EE and SOA tooling in NetBeans when he worked at Sun Microsystems, Inc. Tony Ng is the Senior Director of Engineering at Yahoo! where he is responsible for Yahoo! developer platforms and technologies. He is coauthor of Java Blueprints and J2EE™ Connector Architecture and Enterprise Application Integration (Prentice Hall, 2001).

Foreword by Robert Brewin . . . xvii

Foreword by Raj Bala . . . xviii

Acknowledgments. . . xxi

About the Authors . . . xxiii

PART I OVERVIEW . . . 1

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION . . . 3

Products and Services 4

Software-Driven Services 4

Web Services 6

SOA 8

Web Services and SOA Opportunities 12

Summary 13

Endnotes 13

CHAPTER 2 EVOLUTION OF IT ARCHITECTURES . . . 15

The Server-Side Architecture Progression 16

Progression of Mainframe Architecture 17

Progression of Client/Server Architecture 19

Progression of Distributed Architecture 21

Internet and World Wide Web 26

Client-Side Architecture Progression 28

Terminals as Clients 29

Thick Clients 30

Thin Clients 30

Browser Clients 31

Mobile Clients 31

Service Oriented Architecture and Web Services 32

Web Services 32

Arrival of SOAP, WSDL, and UDDI Infrastructure 34

Summary 35

Endnotes 35

CHAPTER 3 EVOLUTION OF SERVICE ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE . . . 37

Services Oriented Architecture–The Description 38

Early Architectures 38

IMS 39

CICS 40

CORBA 41

DCOM 41

Paradigm Shifts 42

Java and Java 2 Enterprise Edition 42

Extensible Markup Language 43

Web Services–XML-RPC and SOAP 44

Arrival of Web Services and SOA 44

First Generation Web Services 45

The Second Generation Web Services 45

SOA Using Web Services 46

Benefits and Challenges with SOA 47

SOA Implementation Technologies 47

Microsoft's .NET Technologies 48

Sun Microsystems’s Java Enterprise Edition Technologies 48

Summary 50

Endnotes 50

PART II SERVICE ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE ESSENTIALS . . . 53

CHAPTER 4 MESSAGE ORIENTED SERVICES AND SOAP . . . 55

SOAP Conventions 56

Message Envelope 56

Encoding Rules 56

RPC Convention 56

Binding 57

Anatomy of SOAP 57

Basic SOAP Model 57

Detailed SOAP Model 60

SOAP Encoding Details 65

Simple Type Encoding 65

Complex Type Encoding 66

SOAP Binding to the Transport Protocol 68

Interaction Using the SOAP Protocol 68

Message Exchange Model 69

SOAP Response and the Error-Handling Mechanism 71

The SOAP 72

The SOAP 72

The SOAP 73

The SOAP 73

The SOAP 73

SOAP Version Differences and Dependencies 73

SOAP Versioning 73

New SOAP Version 74

Summary 75

Endnotes 76

CHAPTER 5 WEB SERVICES AND WEB SERVICES DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE . . . 77

WSDL–An XML Web Services Description Vocabulary 78

The Web Services Triangle 78

Service Invocation Fundamentals 80

Synchronous Invocation and Fundamentals of RPC Mechanism 81

Service Invocation and WSDL 85

Creation of the Service 86

Generating the Web Service Description for the Service 87

Registering the Web Service 87

Publication of the Web Service 87

Discovering the Web Service 87

Understanding the Web Services Semantics 87

Invocation of Web Service 88

Describing Web Services–The XML Way 91

WSDL Elements and Their Appearance Sequence 92

Anatomy of WSDL Document 93

WSDL Version Differences and Dependencies 100

Summary 100

Endnotes 101

CHAPTER 6 REGISTRIES AND UDDI . . . 103

Defining UDDI 104

Taxonomy-Based Business Information 104

UDDI Specifications and Services 105

Public Registries Versus Private Registries 105

UDDI Nomenclature 106

Node API Sets 106

UDDI Node 106

UDDI Registries 106

Data Structure 107

Information Model 107

Core UDDI 107

The Data Structure 108

The Data Structure 109

The Data Structure 110

The Data Structure 111

Publication of Business Information 112

Creation and Modification of Business Information 113

Deletion of Business Information 114

Discovering Web Services 115

Information Browsing and Retrieval 116

Information Drill-Down 117

Summary 118

CHAPTER 7 ORCHESTRATION AND CHOREOGRAPHY . . . 119

Importance of Business Process and Work Flow 120

Orchestration 121

WS-Business Process Execution Language 122

Processing BPEL 124

Choreography 127

Orchestration and SOA 129

Choreography and SOA 130

Summary 130

Endnotes 131

CHAPTER 8 ADVANCED WEB SERVICES INFRASTRUCTURE FOR IMPLEMENTING SOA . . . 133



Message Exchange Patterns 135

WS-*–The New Generation 136

WS-Addressing 137

WS-Atomic Transaction 137

WS-Coordination 137

WS-Eventing 137

WS-Metadata Exchange 138

WS-Notification 138

WS-Policy Framework 138

WS-Reliability/WS-Reliable Messaging 138

WS-Security 138

WS-*–A Working Definition 139

Addressing 139

Reliability and Reliable Messaging 140

Security 142

WS-* and SOA 146

WS-Reliable Messaging and SOA 147

WS-Security and SOA 147

WS-I Basic Profile 147

Summary 148

Endnotes 148

PART III JAVA PLATFORM, ENTERPRISE EDITION AND ESB . . . 49

CHAPTER 9 JAVA PLATFORM, ENTERPRISE EDITION OVERVIEW . . . 151

Java EE Technology Categories 153

Web Application Technologies 153

Web Services Technologies 155

Enterprise Application Technologies 158

Common Platform Technologies 160

What's New in Java EE 5 162

Java Annotations 163

POJO Model 165

Developer Productivity 166

Java EE Component Model 167

Application Client 167

Web Components 168

EJB Components 168

Resource Adapter 168

Java EE Quality of Services 169

Distribution 169

Data Integrity 169

Security 169

Performance and Scalability 170

Availability 170

Interoperability 171

Concurrency 171

Summary 171

Endnotes 172

CHAPTER 10 WEB TECHNOLOGIES IN JAVA EE . . . 173

Java Servlet 174

JSP 176

JSP Standard Tag Library 177

JSF 178

MVC Paradigm in JSF 178

User Interface Component Framework 179

Navigation Model 180

Managed Beans 182

Unified Expression Language 183

Data Conversion and Validation 184

JSF Events 185

Backing Bean Approach 186

Summary 187

Endnote 187

CHAPTER 11 ENTERPRISE JAVABEANS AND PERSISTENCE . . . 189

Core EJB 3.0 API 190

Dependency Injection 191

Container Services 191

Interceptors 193

New JPA 193

Entity Class 194

Relationships 195

Inheritance 196

Entity Manager 197

Entity Life-Cycle Operations 197

Java Persistence Query Language 200

Object-Relational Mapping 203

Relationship Mapping 203

Inheritance Mapping 204

Summary 205

CHAPTER 12 JAVA WEB SERVICES OVERVIEW . . . 207

Implementing a Web Service 208

Mapping Between Java and WSDL 208

Web Service Annotations 210

@WebService 210

@WebMethod 211

@Oneway 211

@WebParam 211

@WebResult 211

@HandlerChain 211

@SOAPBinding 212

Accessing Web Services 212

Protocol and Transport 213

Advanced Features in JAX-WS 213

Handler Framework 213

Asynchronous Interactions 214

Messaging API 215

Java Architecture for XML Binding 217

Schema Evolution 220

Summary 222

CHAPTER 13 ENTERPRISE SERVICE BUS AND JAVA BUSINESS INTEGRATION . . . 223

The Service Bus and Enterprises 224

ESB–A Business Perspective 224

Salient Features of ESB 226

Java Business Integration–Java and ESB 227

Summary 230

PART IV IMPLEMENTING SOA USING JAVA EE PLATFORM . . . 231

CHAPTER 14 SERVICE ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE AND THE WEB TIER . . . 233

Delivering Services Through the Web Tier 234

The Overall Picture 235

Web Tier Design Patterns and SOA 236

Presentation Tier Design Patterns 236

Frameworks and Service Delivery 237

Services Delivery Using JSF 238

Deciding on the Right Framework 244

Summary 245

Endnotes 246

CHAPTER 15 SERVICE ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE AND THE BUSINESS TIER . . . 247

Delivering Services Through the Business Tier 248

Business Tier Overview 248

Business Tier Design Patterns and SOA 250

Business Tier Design Patterns 251

Presentation Tier-to-Business Tier Design Patterns 251

Transfer Object Design Pattern 252

Integration Tier Design Patterns 254

The Data Access Object Pattern 255

Intrabusiness Tier Design Patterns 257

Application Service Design Pattern 258

Summary 259

Endnote 260

CHAPTER 16 ADVANCED SERVICE ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE . . . 261

Patterns in SOA 261

Asynchronous Messaging Patterns 263

Conversation Patterns 267

Orchestration Patterns 269

Workflow Patterns 273

Summary 279

Endnotes 280

PART V CASE STUDY . . . 281

CHAPTER 17 DEVELOPING SERVICE ORIENTED APPLICATIONS—A CASE STUDY . . . 283

The Industry Perspective 285

Messaging Distribution in the OTA 285

The Goals of the OTA 286

The Plans and Specifications of the OTA 286

The Alliance Members 287

The Case Study 288

Challenges 289

Solution Implementation Strategies 290

Travel Reservation Service 291

The Workflow or the Process Definition 294

Solution Platform Considerations 296

Summary 298

Endnotes 299

CHAPTER 18 DELIVERING SOA USING NETBEANS SOA PACK: CASE STUDY–SOLUTION . . . 301

Implementation Strategy–An Overview 302

NetBeans IDE 303

Invoking NetBeans 304

Exploring the IDE 304

Project Basics 305

Project Creation 306

Summary 319

Endnotes 319

REFERENCES . . . 321

Web References 321

AJAX 321

BPEL 321

CICS 321

Design Pattern 322

ESB 322

ESB Importance 322

GDS 322

Hibernate 323

Implementing SOA with Java EE 5 323

IMS 323

IMS TM 323

J2EE Best Practices 323

J2EE Patterns 323

J2EE Versus .NET 323

Java EE 5 Developer Productivity 323

Java Specification Request 324

jRuby 325

OTA 325

Paradigm Shift 325

Paradigm Shift in IT 325

Performance Benchmark 325

Portlet 325

Ruby 325

Sabre, GDS 325

SOA 326

SOA General 326

SOAP 326

SOA Patterns 326

Tango 326

Web Services 327

WSDL 327

WSDL and UDDI 327

XML 327

Yahoo! 327

Books 327

Design Patterns 327

ESB 327

J2EE 328

Java 328

Java, XML 328

MDA 328

NetBeans 328

SOA 328

Software Architecture 329

Web Services 329

XML 329

INDEX . . . 331