Artificial Intelligence and International Human Rights Law

Edited by Michał Balcerzak, Faculty of Political Science and Security Studies and Julia Kapelańska-Pręgowska, Faculty of Law and Administration, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Poland

Contents
List of contributors vii
Foreword xii
Gabriela Ramos
Introduction: AI and international human rights law 1
Michał Balcerzak and Julia Kapelańska-Pręgowska
PART I EFFORTS OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
1 Implications of the United Nations human rights standards
for the development of artificial intelligence 6
Michał Balcerzak
2 Council of Europe standards and activities related to AI:
towards a Framework Convention on AI and human rights? 25
Elżbieta Hanna Morawska
3 Navigating the AI landscape in the EU: fostering
innovation while upholding ethical principles 45
Piotr Staszczyk
PART II AI AND HUMAN RIGHTS: SPECIFIC ISSUES
AND WAYS TO ADDRESS THEM
4 A rights-based approach to automated decision-making in
the public sector 69
Marya Akhtar and Rikke Frank J¿rgensen
5 Pegasus contra democratic process: experience from Europe 86
Agnieszka Bień-Kacała
6 AI in healthcare and biomedical sciences: the need for
human rights impact assessment 103
Julia Kapelańska-Pręgowska, Emilia Sarnacka and
Katarzyna Syroka-Marczewska
7 European Union data protection law and the use of facial
recognition technology for the purpose of fighting crime 124
Joanna Mazur and Zuzanna Choińska
8 Deepfakes: new challenges for law and democracy 145
Ewa Michałkiewicz-Kądziela
9 The evolution of copyright in the age of artificial
intelligence: challenges and perspectives 158
Ewa Milczarek
10 Enhancing human rights accountability of algorithmic
media: an African perspective on inclusive regulation 171
Anne Oloo
11 Artificial intelligence and the right to an effective remedy 196
Maria O’Sullivan
12 Work-related human rights and artificial intelligence 214
Joanna Rezmer
13 Protection of consumers against abuse of artificial
intelligence in electronic trade: the scalper bots case 231
Maciej Jerzy Siwicki
14 Artificial intelligence and the right to a fair trial 250
Tomasz Sroka
15 Artificial intelligence and international humanitarian law
in the work of the parties to the Conventional Weapons
Convention: lethal autonomous weapons 278
Agnieszka Szpak
16 Exploring the challenges of artificial intelligence in
refugee status determination: a human rights approach 294
Lutiana Valadares Fernandes Barbosa and
Ana Lu’sa Zago de Moraes
17 AI in court: the promotion and regulation of information
technology in China’s Smart Court movements 309
Peng Wang and Guannan Qu