Integrating Metaheuristics in Computer Vision for Real-World Optimization Problems

Shubham Mahajan, PhD, is an assistant professor in the School of Engineering at Ajeekya D Y Patil University, Pune, Maharashtra, India. He has eight Indian, one Australian, and one German patent to his credit in artificial intelligence and image processing. He has authored/co-authored more than 50 publications including peer-reviewed journals and conferences. His main research interests include image processing, video compression, image segmentation, fuzzy entropy, nature-inspired computing methods with applications in optimization, data mining, machine learning, robotics, and optical communication. Kapil Joshi, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Computer Science & Engineering Department, Uttaranchal Institute of Technology in Dehradun, India. His doctorate was on image quality enhancement using fusion techniques. He has 8 years of academic experience and has published patents, research papers, and two books. In 2021, he was awarded the ‘Best Young Researcher’ Award in Global Education and Corporate Leadership received by Life Way Tech India Pvt. Ltd. Amit Kant Pandit, PhD, is an associate professor in the School of Electronics & Communication Engineering Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, India. He has authored/co-authored more than 60 publications including peer-reviewed journals and conferences. He has two Indian and one Australian patent to his credit in artificial intelligence and image processing. His main research interests are image processing, video compression, image segmentation, fuzzy entropy, and nature-inspired computing methods with applications in optimization. Nitish Pathak, PhD, is an associate professor in the Department of Information Technology, Bhagwan Parshuram Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India. He has 17 years of engineering education experience and has published more than 80 journal articles, in peer-reviewed journals as well as book chapters, patents, and conference papers. His research areas include intelligent computing techniques, empirical software engineering, and artificial intelligence.

Preface xv

1 Advancement in Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques for Ischemic Stroke 1
Mukul Jain, Divya Patil, Shubham Gupta and Shubham Mahajan

1.1 Introduction 2

1.2 Diagnostic Tools of Ischemic Stroke 4

1.3 Artificial Intelligence–Based Diagnostic Tools 7

1.4 Blood-Based Protein Biomarker for Stroke 8

1.5 Markers for Endothelial Damage 8

1.6 Markers of Brain Injury 9

1.7 Therapeutic Advances in Ischemic Stroke 9

1.8 Nanoparticles 11

1.9 Conclusion 13

2 Object Detection and Tracking Face Detection and Recognition 25
Varsha K. Patil, Pawan Nawade, Rudra Nagarkar and Paresh Kadale

2.1 Introduction 25

2.2 Motivation 30

2.3 The Basics of Computer Vision 31

2.4 Face Detection 34

2.5 Facial Expression 38

2.6 Object Detection 41

2.7 Face Detection and Identification in Practical Situations 44

2.8 Future Direction in Object Detection and Tracking 47

2.9 Conclusion 52

3 Printing Organs with 3D Technology 55
Shaik Aminabee

3.1 Introduction 55

3.2 Bioprinting in Three Dimensions (3D) 56

3.3 3D Printing Types 57

3.4 Applications for 3D Printing in Cells 60

3.5 New Developments 65

3.6 Progress in India 66

3.7 Limitation 67

3.8 A Future Point of View 67

3.9 Conclusion 68

4 Comparative Evaluation of Machine Learning Algorithms for Bank Fraud Detection 71
Kiran Jot Singh, Divneet Singh Kapoor, Kunal Ranjan Singh, Chirag Kalucha, Gatik Alagh, Khushal Thakur and Anshul Sharma

4.1 Introduction 71

4.2 Proposed Framework 73

4.3 Results 74

4.4 Concluding Remarks and Future Scope 77

5 An Overview of Computational-Based Strategies for Drug Repositioning 81
Shalu Verma, Nidhi Nainwal, Alka Singh, Gauree Kukreti and Kiran Dobhal

5.1 Introduction 81

5.2 Drug Repositioning 82

5.3 Challenges and Opportunities for Drug Repurposing 93

5.4 Conclusion 94

6 Improving Performance With Feature Selection, Extraction, and Learning 99
Varsha K. Patil, Vrinda Shinde, Ritika Singh and Vipul Singh

6.1 Introduction 99

6.2 Feature Selection 100

6.3 Feature Extraction 110

6.4 Feature Learning 115

6.5 Future Research and Development 123

6.6 Future Scope 124

6.7 Conclusion 125

7 Fusion of Phase and Local Features for CBIR 129
Pooja Sharma

7.1 Introduction 129

7.2 Overview of the Proposed System 132

7.3 Proposed Hybrid-Shape Descriptors 132

7.4 Similarity Measurement 137

7.5 Experimental Study and Performance Evaluation 139

7.6 Conclusions 147

8 Trading Bot for Cryptocurrency Market Based on Smart Price Action Strategies 151
Divneet Singh Kapoor, Kiran Jot Singh, Anshoom Jain, Rhythm Chauhan, Khushal Thakur and Anshul Sharma

8.1 Introduction 151

8.2 Background 154

8.3 Proposed Framework 156

8.4 Results 158

8.5 Conclusion and Future Scope 161

9 Comparative Evaluation and Prediction of Exoplanets Using Machine Learning Methods 163
Divneet Singh Kapoor, Kiran Jot Singh, Ashirvad Singh, Benarji Mulakala, Karan Singh, Prashant, Ramanjeet Singh and Shubham Mahajan

9.1 Introduction 164

9.2 Background 167

9.3 Proposed Framework 169

9.4 Results 171

9.5 Conclusion and Future Scope 182

10 The Risk of Using Failure Rate With the Help of MTTF and MTBF to Calculate Reliability 185
Harpreet Kaur and Shiv Kumar Sharma

10.1 Introduction 185

10.2 Failure 186

10.3 Conclusion 191

11 A Detailed Description on Various Techniques of Edge Detection Algorithms 193
Pritha A. and G. Fathima

11.1 Introduction 193

11.2 Edge Detection Techniques 194

11.3 Experimental Results 203

11.4 Comparative Results 203

11.5 Conclusion 203

11.6 Future Work 204

12 Advancement of ML in Smart House 207
Gokula Udhayan V., K. Mahaeshwari and N. Vinoth Kumar

12.1 Objective 207

12.2 Introduction 207

12.3 Smart House System With IoT 208

12.4 Future Scope 223

12.5 Conclusion 223

13 Multi-Robot Navigation: A Biologically Inspired Framework 225
Imran Mir and Faiza Gul

13.1 Introduction 225

13.2 Optimization Algorithms 226

13.3 Algorithms and Self-Organization 236

13.4 Future Research Directions 238

13.5 Conclusion 239

14 Bidirectional LSTM for Heart Arrhythmia Detection 243
Nikhil M. Agrawal, H. D. Bhanu Cheitanya, Abhishek Kumar Rai and Shubham Mahajan

14.1 Introduction 243

14.2 About the Dataset 245

14.3 Flow of the Model 246

14.4 Results 248

14.5 Conclusion 248

15 Study on Content-Based Image Retrieval 253
Thanga Subha Devi M., R. Suji Pramila and Tibbie Pon Symon

15.1 Introduction 254

15.2 Related Works 256

15.3 Extraction of Features 261

15.4 User Interactions for CBIR System 266

15.5 Conclusions 269

16 Machine Learning and Angiogenesis in Cancer 273
Dharambir Kashyap, Riya Sharma, Neelam Goel and Vivek Kumar Garg

16.1 Introduction 273

16.2 History of Angiogenesis Discovery 274

16.3 Overview of Angiogenesis 274

16.4 Angiogenesis in Carcinogenesis 275

16.5 Molecular Mechanisms of Angiogenesis Formation 276

16.6 Angiogenesis as a Target in Cancer Therapy 276

16.7 Machine Learning Approaches in Angiogenesis 277

16.8 Conclusion 278

17 Handwritten Image Enhancement Based on Neutroscopic-Fuzzy and K-Mean Clustering 283
Jaspreet Kaur, Divya Gupta, Simarjeet Kaur and Amrinder Singh

17.1 Introduction 284

17.2 Application of Image Processing 286

17.3 Enhancement of Handwritten Document 287

17.4 Clustering Techniques 288

17.5 Performance Parameters 290

17.6 Results and Discussion 293

17.7 Conclusion 295

18 A Texture Classification System Based on an Adaptive Histogram Equalized Shearlet Transform 299
K. Gopalakrishnan, V. Karthikeyan and P.T. Vanathi

18.1 Introduction 299

18.2 Literature Survey 303

18.3 Materials and Methods 305

18.4 Proposed Methodology 309

18.5 Result and Discussion 311

18.6 Conclusion 320

19 A Thyroid Nodule Detection Using L1-Norm Inception Deep Neural Network 323
Saranya G.

19.1 Introduction 323

19.2 Related Work 324

19.3 Methodology 325

19.4 Results and Discussion 329

19.5 Conclusion 336

References 337

Index 339