C++ Primer

Stanley B. Lippman is Architect with the Visual C++ development team at Microsoft. Previously, he served as a Distinguished Consultant at the Jet Propulsion Laboratories (JPL). Stan spent more than twelve years at Bell Laboratories, where he worked with Bjarne Stroustrup on the original C++ implementation and the Foundation research project. After Bell Laboratories, Stan worked at Disney Feature Animation, originally as principal software engineer, then as software technical director on Fantasia 2000. Josée Lajoie is a staff development analyst in the IBM Canada Laboratory C/C++ Compiler group, and is currently the chair of the core language working group for the ANSI/ISO C++ Standard Committee. In addition, she is a regular columnist on the evolution of the C++ Language Standard for the C++ Report.. Barbara E. Moo is an independent consultant with 20 years' experience in the software field. During her nearly 15 years at AT&T, she worked on one of the first commercial products ever written in C++, managed the company's first C++ compiler project, and directed the development of AT&T's award-winning WorldNet Internet service business. 0201721481AB01312005

Preface     xixChapter 1. Getting Started      11.1 Writing a Simple C++ Program    2 1.2 A First Look at Input/Output     5 1.3 A Word About Comments     10 1.4 Control Structures     11 1.5 Introducing Classes    20 1.6 The C++ Program    25 Chapter Summary    28 Defined Terms    28 Part I. The Basics    31Chapter 2. Variables and Basic Types    33 2.1 Primitive Built-in Types    34 2.2 Literal Constants     37 2.3 Variables     43 2.4 const Qualifier    56 2.5 References    58 2.6 Typedef Names    61 2.7 Enumerations    62 2.8 Class Types     63 2.9 Writing Our Own Header Files    67 Chapter Summary    73 Defined Terms     73Chapter 3. Library Types      77 3.1 Namespace using Declarations      78 3.2 Library string Type     80 3.3 Library vector Type      90 3.4 Introducing Iterators      95 3.4.1 Iterator Arithmetic      100 3.5 Library bitset Type      101 Chapter Summary      107 Defined Terms      107 Chapter 4. Arrays and Pointers 1094.1 Arrays      110 4.2 Introducing Pointers      114 4.3 C-Style Character Strings      130 4.4 Multidimensioned Arrays      141 Chapter Summary      145 Defined Terms      145 Chapter 5. Expressions      147 5.1 Arithmetic Operators      149 5.2 Relational and Logical Operators      152 5.3 The Bitwise Operators      154 5.4 Assignment Operators      159 5.5 Increment and Decrement Operators      162 5.6 The Arrow Operator      164 5.7 The Conditional Operator      165 5.8 The size of Operator      167 5.9 Comma Operator      168 5.10 Evaluating Compound Expressions      168 5.11 The new and delete Expressions      174 5.12 Type Conversions      178 Chapter Summary      188 Defined Terms      188 Chapter 6. Statements      191 6.1 Simple Statements      192 6.2 Declaration Statements      193 6.3 Compound Statements (Blocks)      193 6.4 Statement Scope      194 6.5 The if Statement      195 6.5.1 The if Statement else Branch      197 6.6 The switch Statement      199 6.7 The whileStatement      204 6.8 The for Loop Statement      207 6.9 The do while Statement      210 6.10 The break Statement      212 6.11 The continue Statement      214 6.12 The goto Statement      214 6.13 try Blocks and Exception Handling      215 6.13.1 A throw Expression      216 6.13.2 The try Block      217 6.13.3 Standard Exceptions      219 6.14 Using the Preprocessor for Debugging      220 Chapter Summary      223 Defined Terms      223 Chapter 7. Functions      225 7.1 Defining a Function      226 7.2 Argument Passing      229 7.3 The return Statement      245 7.4 Function Declarations      251 7.5 Local Objects      254 7.6 Inline Functions      256 7.7 ClassMemberFunctions      258 7.8 Overloaded Functions      265 7.9 Pointers to Functions      276 Chapter Summary      280 Defined Terms      280Chapter 8. The IO Library      283 8.1 An Object-Oriented Library      284 8.2 Condition States      287 8.3 Managing the Output Buffer      290 8.4 File Input and Output      293 8.5 String Streams      299 Chapter Summary      302 Defined Terms      302Part II. Containers and Algorithms      303Chapter 9. Sequential Containers      3059.1 Defining a Sequential Container      307 9.2 Iterators andIteratorRanges      311 9.3 Sequence Container Operations      316 9.4 How a vector Grows      330 9.5 Deciding Which Container to Use      333 9.6 strings Revisited      335 9.7 Container Adaptors      348 Chapter Summary      353 Defined Terms      353Chapter 10. Associative Containers      35510.1 Preliminaries: the pair Type      356 10.2 Associative Containers      358 10.3 The map Type      360 10.4 The set Type      372 10.5 The multimap and multiset Types      375 10.6 Using Containers: Text-Query Program      379 Chapter Summary      388 Defined Terms      388 Chapter 11. Generic Algorithms      39111.1 Overview      392 11.2 A First Look at the Algorithms      395 11.3 Revisiting Iterators      405 11.4 Structure of Generic Algorithms      419 11.5 Container-Specific Algorithms      421 Chapter Summary      424 Defined Terms      424Part III. Classes and Data Abstraction      427Chapter 12. Classes      42912.1 Class Definitions and Declarations         430 12.2 The Implicit this Pointer         440 12.3 Class Scope         444 12.4 Constructors         451 12.5 Friends         465 12.6 static Class Members         467 Chapter Summary         473 Defined Terms         473 Chapter 13 Copy Control      47513.1 The Copy Constructor         476 13.2 The Assignment Operator         482 13.3 The Destructor           484 13.4 A Message-Handling Example       486 13.5 Managing Pointer Members         492 Chapter Summary         502 Defined Terms         502Chapter 14. Overloaded Operations and Conversions      50514.1 Defining an Overloaded Operator         506 14.2 Input andOutputOperators         513 14.3 Arithmetic and Relational Operators         517 14.4 Assignment Operators        520 14.5 Subscript Operator         522 14.6 Member Access Operators         523 14.7 Increment and Decrement Operators        526 14.8 Call Operator and Function Objects         530 14.9 Conversions and Class Types         535 Chapter Summary         . 552 Defined Terms         552Part IV. Object-Oriented and Generic Programming      555Chapter 15. Object-Oriented Programming      55715.1 OOP: An Overview         558 15.2 Defining Base and Derived Classes         560 15.3 Conversions and Inheritance         577 15.4 Constructors and Copy Control         580 15.5 Class Scope under Inheritance         590 15.6 Pure Virtual Functions         595 15.7 Containers and Inheritance         597 15.8 Handle Classes and Inheritance         598 15.9 Text Queries Revisited         607 Chapter Summary         621 Defined Terms         621Chapter 16. Templates and Generic Programming      62316.1 Template Definitions         624 16.2 Instantiation           636 16.3 Template Compilation Models       643 16.4 Class Template Members         647 16.5 A Generic Handle Class         666 16.6 Template Specializations         671 16.7 Overloading and Function Templates         679 Chapter Summary        683 Defined Terms         683Part V. Advanced Topics      685Chapter 17. Tools for Large Programs      68717.1 Exception Handling         688 17.2 Namespaces           712 17.3 Multiple and Virtual Inheritance       731 Chapter Summary         748 Defined Terms         748Chapter 18. Specialized Tools and Techniques      75318.1 Optimizing Memory Allocation         754 18.2 Run-Time Type Identification         772 18.3 Pointer to Class Member         780 18.4 Nested Classes         786 18.5 Union: A Space-Saving Class         792 18.6 Local Classes         796 18.7 Inherently Nonportable Features         797 Chapter Summary         805 Defined Terms         805Appendix A. The Library      809A.1 Library Names and Headers         810 A.2 A Brief Tour of the Algorithms         811 A.3 The IO Library Revisited         825Index      843