Find the Bug

Find the Bug: A Book of Incorrect ProgramsAuthor Bio ADAM BARR lives in Redmond, WA, and works at Microsoft Corporation as a Program Manager on Windows Server. For ten years, he was a Software Design Engineer at Microsoft Corporation, where he worked on products ranging from Windows NT, Windows 2000, and Windows XP to Microsoft Interactive Television and Softimage Digital Studio. He has exceptional experience in C programming and Windows NT kernel development and debugging. He is author of Proudly Serving My Corporate Masters: What I Learned in Ten Years as a Microsoft Programmer. © Copyright Pearson Education. All rights reserved.

Preface.

1. Bug Classification.

2. Tips on Walking Through Code.

    Split the Code into Sections with Goals.

      Identify the Sections in the Code.

      Identify Goals for Each Section.

      Comments.

    Identify the Meaning of Each Variable.

      Variable Names.

      Look at the Usage of Each Variable.

      Restricted Variables.

      Invariant Conditions.

      Track Changes to Restricted Variables.

    Look for Known Gotchas.

      Loop Counters.

      Same Expression on Left- and Right-Hand Side of Assignment.

      Check Paired Operations.

      Function Calls.

      Return Values.

      Code That Is Similar to an Existing Error.

    Choose Inputs for Walkthroughs.

      Code Coverage.

      Empty Input.

      Trivial Input.

      Already Solved Input.

      Error Input.

      Loops.

      Random Numbers.

    Walk Through Each Section.

      Track Variables.

      Code Layout.

      Loops.

    Summary.

3. C.

    Brief Summary of C.

      Data Types and Variables.

      Strings.

      Pointers.

      Structures.

      Conditionals.

      Loops.

      Functions.

    Selection Sort.

    Linked List Insertion.

    Linked List Removal.

    Memory Copy.

    Parse a String into Substrings.

    Memory Allocator.

    Memory Free.

    Recursive Word Reversal.

    Calculate All Possible Routes.

    Kanji Backspace.

4. Python.

    Brief Summary of Python.

      Data Types and Variables.

      Strings.

      Lists and Tuples.

      Dictionaries.

      Conditionals.

      Loops.

      Functions.

      Classes.

      Exceptions.

      Importing Other Code.

      Output.

    Is a Number Prime?

    Find a Substring.

    Alphabetize Words.

    Encode Strings Using a Character Map.

    Print the Month and Day.

    Go Fish, Part I: Draw a Card from a Deck.

    Go Fish, Part II: Ask if Another Hand Has a Card.

    Go Fish, Part III: Play a Full Game.

    Parse Numbers Written in English.

    Assign Gift Givers.

5. Java.

    Brief Summary of Java.

      Data Types and Variables.

      Strings (and Objects).

      Arrays.

      Conditionals.

      Loops.

      Classes.

      Exceptions.

      Importing Other Code.

      Command-Line Applications and Applets.

    Is a Year a Leap Year?

    Convert a Number to Text.

    Draw a Triangle on the Screen, Part I.

    Draw a Triangle on the Screen, Part II.

    Reverse a Linked List.

    Check if a List Has a Loop .

    Quicksort.

    Play the Game Pong, Part I.

    Play the Game Pong, Part II.

    Compute Bowling Scores.

6. Perl.

    Brief Summary of Perl.

      Data Types and Variables.

      Strings.

      Lists.

      Hashes.

      Conditionals.

      Loops.

      Subroutines.

      Scalar Versus List Context.

      File Handles.

      Regular Expressions.

      Output.

      Command-Line Parameters.

    Sort a File by Line Length.

    Print the Prime Factors of a Number.

    Tab Expansion.

    Simple Database.

    Find Repeating Part of a Fraction.

    Expand Indented File List to Full Paths.

    Sort All the Files in a Directory Tree.

    Calculate Student Test Averages.

    Merge Sort of Multiple Files.

    Play the Game Mastermind.

7. x86 Assembly Language.

    Brief Summary of x86 Assembly Language.

      Data Types and Variables.

      Arithmetic Operations.

      Flags, Conditionals, and Jumps.

      Loops.

      Procedures.

      Output.

    Make Change for a Dollar.

    Multiply Two Numbers Using Shifts.

    Join Strings with a Delimiter.

    Calculate Fibonacci Numbers.

    Check if Two Words Are Anagrams.

    Convert a 64-Bit Number to a Decimal String.

    Sum a Signed Array.

    Play the Simulation Game Life.

    Check if Parentheses Match in Source Code.

    Radix Exchange Sort.

Appendix A. Classification of Bugs.

    Syntax Versus Semantics.

    Classification Used in This Book.

    A—Algorithm.

      A.off-by-one.

      A.logic.

      A.validation.

      A.performance.

    D—Data.

      D.index.

      D.limit.

      D.number.

      D.memory.

    F—Forgotten.

      F.init.

      F.missing.

      F.location.

    B—Blunder.

      B.variable.

      B.expression.

      B.language.

    Summary.

Appendix B. Index of Bugs by Type.

Appendix C. References.

    Classification of Bugs.

    General Sources for Bug Types.

    C.

    Python.

    Java.

    Perl.

    x86 Assembly Language.

Index.