Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V Installation and Configuration Guide

Aidan Finn (tweet @joe_elway) is an internationally recognized virtualization expert and blogger (www.aidanfinn.com) from Ireland, and a leading voice in the Microsoft community. Patrick Lownds (tweet @PatrickLownds) is head of the Microsoft Virtualization User Group in the UK as well as an industry speaker at TechEd, HP Technology at Work, and elsewhere. Michel Luescher (tweet @michelluescher) is a consultant at Microsoft Switzerland specializing in private cloud solutions, datacenter optimization, and virtualization. He is also a regular industry speaker and writes the blog www.server-talk.eu. Damian Flynn (tweet @damian_flynn) is the principal infrastructure architect for Lionbridge Technologies specializing in private cloud solutions, datacenter optimization, and virtualization. He is also a regular industry speaker and maintains a public technology and Microsoft blog (www.damianflynn.com).

Introduction xxv Part 1 • The Basics 1

Chapter 1 • Introducing Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V 3

Virtualization and Cloud Computing 4

Computing of the Past: Client/Server 4

Computing of the Recent Past: Virtualization 5

Computing of the Present: Cloud Computing 8

Windows Server 2012: Beyond Virtualization 9

Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V 11

The Technical Requirements of Hyper-V 11

The Architecture of Hyper-V 12

Maximum Scalability 15

Supported Guest Operating Systems 18

Licensing Windows Server 2012 in Virtualization 18

Common Misunderstandings in Licensing 19

Windows Server 2012 Licensing 20

Hyper-V Server 2012 23

Virtualization Scenarios 24

VMware 26

Migrating from VMware 27

Transferring Skills to Hyper-V 27

Other Essential Knowledge 28

Microsoft Assessment and Planning Toolkit 28

PowerShell 29

Chapter 2 • Deploying Hyper-V 33

Preparing a Hyper-V Deployment 33

Design and Architecture 33

Hardware 36

Operating System 39

Don’t Forget the Documentation 41

Windows PowerShell 42

Building the First Hyper-V Host 43

Preparing Windows Server 43

Installing the Hyper-V Role 47

Configuring the Hyper-V Host 48

Providing Security 54

Managing Hyper-V 56

Hyper-V Management Console 57

Hyper-V PowerShell 57

Server Core 59

Upgrading Hyper-V 61

Performing In-Place Migration 62

Using the Windows Server Migration Tools 62

Exporting and Importing Virtual Machines 62

Upgrading Integration Services 64

Real World Solutions 65

Chapter 3 • Managing Virtual Machines 71

Creating Virtual Machines 71

Create a Virtual Machine by Using the New Virtual Machine Wizard 72

Create a Virtual Machine by Using PowerShell 77

Designing Virtual Machines 78

Virtual Machine Maximums 78

Auto-Start and Auto-Stop Actions 81

Dynamic Memory 83

Processors 95

Virtual Storage 100

Network Adapters 111

Performing Virtual Machine Operations 117

Adding and Removing Virtual Hardware 117

Working with Snapshots 118

Using Live Migration 124

Importing and Exporting Virtual Machines 138

Installing Operating Systems and Applications 140

Installing Operating Systems 140

Using Virtual Machine Templates 142

Designing Virtual Machines for Applications 143

Performance Monitoring of Guest Operating Systems 143

Real World Solutions 144

Replacing Virtual Switches 144

Performing Simultaneous Live Migration 144

Rapid Virtual Machine Creation 146

Part 2 • Advanced Networking and Cloud Computing 153

Chapter 4 • Networking 155

Basic Hyper-V Networking 155

Using the Hyper-V Extensible Virtual Switch 156

Supporting VLANs 166

Supporting NIC Teaming 171

Networking Hardware Enhancements 183

Single-Root I/O Virtualization 183

Receive-Side Scaling 187

Dynamic Virtual Machine Queuing 190

IPsec Task Offload 191

Advanced Networking 191

Quality of Service 191

Converged Fabrics 201

Real World Solutions 210

Implementing RSS and DVMQ 210

Creating Converged Fabrics with Isolated SMB Storage 213

Creating Converged Fabrics with DCB and SR-IOV 216

Chapter 5 • Cloud Computing 219

Clouds, Tenants, and Segregation 220

The Multi-Tenancy Era 220

Segregation by Isolation 221

Microsoft Network Virtualization 223

Encapsulated Network Virtualization 224

Network Virtualization Abstraction 225

Network Virtualization at Work 232

Network Virtualization Gateways 251

PVLANs 252

Understanding PVLAN Structure 254

Understanding How PVLANs Work 255

Configuring Private VLANs 259

Summary 263

Port Access Control Lists 263

How ACLs Work 263

Extensible Switch Packet Filter 264

DHCP Guard 266

Router Advertisement Guard 267

Hyper-V Virtual Machine Metrics 268

Real World Solutions 270

Part 3 • Storage and High Availibility 273

Chapter 6 • Microsoft iSCSI Software Target 275

Introducing the Microsoft iSCSI Software Target 275

The Microsoft iSCSI Solution 276

Changes in Windows Server 2012 278

Design and Architecture 280

Building the iSCSI Target 283

Installing a Stand-Alone iSCSI Target 283

Installing a Clustered iSCSI Target 284

Transforming a Stand-Alone to a Clustered iSCSI Target 285

Configuring the iSCSI Target 286

Connecting the Initiator 288

Managing the iSCSI Target Server 289

Storage Providers 289

iSCSI Target SMI-S Provider 289

Best Practice Analyzer 292

PowerShell 293

Migrating 295

Migration to Windows Server 2012 295

VHD Conversion 295

Chapter 7 • Using File Servers  297

Introducing Scale-Out File Servers 298

Limitations in Availability and Performance with Windows Server 2008 R2  299

Technical Overview of the Key Changes 300

Installing and Configuring Scale-Out File Servers 309

Complying with Installation Prerequisites 310

Configuring Failover Clustering 311

Configuring Scale-Out File Services 315

Configuring a Continuously Available File Share 316

Windows Server 2012 SMB PowerShell 318

Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V over SMB 30 319

Some Real-World Examples 320

Configuring Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V to Use Scale-Out File Server Cluster 322

Configuring SQL Server to Use Scale-Out File Server Cluster 325

Troubleshooting Scale-Out File Servers 329

Using Troubleshooting Tools 329

Troubleshooting Client Network Connectivity Issues 332

Troubleshooting Access Denied Issues 333

Troubleshooting Cluster Resource Issues 333

Real World Solutions 333

Chapter 8 • Building Hyper-V Clusters 335

Introduction to Building Hyper-V Clusters 335

Active Directory Integration 337

Failover Clustering Installation 337

Performing Validation 338

Running Cluster Validation 338

Creating a Failover Cluster 342

Adding Disks 344

Configuring Network Prioritization 345

Cluster Shared Volumes 346

Cluster Shared Volumes Compatibility 346

Prerequisites 347

Enabling Cluster Shared Volumes 348

CSV Namespace 348

CSV Resiliency 348

CSV Optimizations 349

CSV Best Practices 350

BitLocker 351

Prerequisites 351

Installing BitLocker 351

Configuring BitLocker on Cluster Shared Volumes 352

Cluster-Aware Updating 357

Prerequisites 359

Installing and Configuring CAU 360

Highly Available Virtual Machine 370

Implementing a Highly Available Virtual Machine 370

Examining the Virtual Machine Role 371

Virtual Machine Mobility 375

Live-Migrating Virtual Machines 376

Using Live Storage Migration 376

Real World Solutions 378

Chapter 9 • Virtual SAN Storage and Guest Clustering 379

Introduction to Virtual SAN Storage 379

Overview of Virtual Fibre Channel 380

Guest Clustering 388

Guest Clustering on a Single Host 388

Guest Clustering across Physical Hosts 389

Guest Clustering across Physical Hosts and Virtual Machines 390

Creating a Guest-Based Cluster 391

Virtual Machine Preparation 391

Virtual Machine Monitoring 393

Configuring Virtual Machine Monitoring 395

Real World Solutions 399

Part 4 • Advanced Hyper-V 401

Chapter 10 • Backup and Recovery 403

How Backup Works with Hyper-V 403

Volume Shadow Copy Service Framework 403

Virtual Machine Backup Strategies 406

Choosing a Backup Strategy 409

Improvements in Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V Backup 410

Incremental Backup 410

Windows Server Backup 411

Distributed CSV Snapshots 412

VSS for SMB File Shares 414

Using Windows Server Backup 418

Installing Windows Server Backup 419

Protecting Nonclustered Hyper-V Hosts 419

Protecting Hyper-V Clusters 425

The Impact of Backup on the Network 426

Real World Solutions 427

Using WSB to Back up a Hyper-V Host and Retain Backup Data 427

Performing Automated WSB Backup of a Hyper-V Cluster 429

Chapter 11 • Disaster Recovery 431

Introducing Disaster Recovery 431

The Evolution of Disaster Recovery 432

Virtualization Simplifies DR 433

DR Architecture for Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V 434

DR Requirements 435

Synchronous and Asynchronous Replication 436

DR Architectures 438

DR Replication Solutions 440

Virtual Machine Connectivity 446

Implementation of a Hyper-V Multi-site Cluster 456

Replication Link Networking 456

Multi-site Cluster Quorum 457

Tuning Cluster Heartbeat 462

Preferred Owners (Hosts) 463

Summarizing Multi-site Clusters 465

Real World Solutions 465

Designing Hybrid DR 465

Designing Hosted Disaster Recovery 466

Chapter 12 • Hyper-V Replica 469

Introducing Hyper-V Replica 469

How Hyper-V Replica Works 470

Target Markets for Hyper-V Replica 471

Hyper-V Replica Requirements 472

Bandwidth Requirements 472

What Can You Replicate Between? 473

Enabling Hyper-V Replica between Nonclustered Hosts 475

Enabling Virtual Machine Replication 478

Understanding Copy Methods 479

Replicating a Virtual Machine with Network Copy 480

Replicating a Virtual Machine with Removable Media 486

Replicating a Virtual Machine with Offsite Recovery 488

Using Authentication with Certificates 489

Understanding Certificate Requirements 489

Enabling Hyper-V Replica with HTTPS 490

Replicating Virtual Machines via HTTPS 491

Using Advanced Authorization and Storage 491

Using Hyper-V Replica with Clusters 493

Understanding the Hyper-V Replica Broker 493

Creating the Hyper-V Replica Broker 495

Allowing Replication from a Cluster 497

Allowing Replication to a Cluster 498

Exploring Hyper-V Replica in Greater Detail 498

Hyper-V Replica Logging and Swapping 499

Resynchronization 499

The Performance Impact of Hyper-V Replica 500

Managing Hyper-V Replica 501

Monitoring Replication 501

Managing Replication 504

Setting Up Failover Networking 505

Failover TCP/IP 505

Test Failover Virtual Switch 506

Failing Over Virtual Machines 508

Performing a Test Failover 508

Returning to the Production Site 510

Performing a Planned Failover 510

Performing an Unplanned Failover 512

Summarizing Hyper-V Replica 513

Real World Solutions 514

Enabling Replication for Lots of Virtual Machines 514

Running a Planned Failover 515

Scripting an Ordered Unplanned Failover 517

Chapter 13 • Using Hyper-V for Virtual Desktop Infrastructure 521

Using Virtual Desktops, the Modern Work Style 521

What Is VDI? 521

The Benefits of Using Hyper-V for VDI 522

Changes in Windows Server 2012 523

Design and Architecture 524

Building a Microsoft VDI Environment 529

Installing Remote Desktop Services 529

Installing RD Virtualization Hosts 534

Deploying Virtual Guests 536

Connecting to the VDI Environment 539

Real World Solutions 541

Index 543