Biotechnology Annual Review (eBook)

Cover 1
Contents 14
Foreword 6
Editorial board 10
List of contributors 12
Chapter 1. Toward a new era in sequencing 16
Sequencing technologies of the next generation 16
Comparison: New fast sequencing technique vs. established Sanger method 22
Applications of the Genome Sequencer 20 system 28
References 39
Chapter 2. Optimizing scaleup yield for protein production: Computationally Optimized DNA Assembly (CODA) and Translation Engineering’ 42
Introduction 43
Codon pair utilization patterns are highly biased 44
Over-represented codon pairs are translated slowly 45
Over-represented codon pairs occur at protein structural boundaries 47
Misplaced and over-represented codon pairs can inhibit protein expression 50
Hot Rod’ genes produce proteins at high levels 52
Applications of CODA technologies in modern biological drug, diagnostics and vaccine development 54
References 55
Chapter 3. Engineering, expression, purification, and production of recombinant thermolysin 58
Abbreviations 58
Introduction 59
Engineering and expression of recombinant thermolysin 61
Purification of recombinant thermolysin 67
Future perspectives 74
Conclusion 75
Acknowledgments 75
References 76
Chapter 4. Preparation of recombinant vaccines 80
Introduction 80
The different systems to produce recombinant vaccines 82
Vaccine adjuvants, formulation and delivery 92
The use of virus-like particles as foreign antigen carrier systems 100
Conclusion 101
References 102
Chapter 5. Advances in antibody manufacturing using mammalian cells 110
Introduction 110
Upstream considerations 113
Downstream considerations 122
Conclusions 126
References 127
Chapter 6. Pharming and transgenic plants 130
Introduction 130
Plants have a high potential for pharmaceutical protein production 131
Which are the current limitations of the plant expression system? 137
Optimization of plant production platforms for lower proteolytic activity and humanized glycosylation 143
Emerging plant expression systems for molecular farming 147
Conclusion 150
References 150
Chapter 7. Porous silicon protein microarray technology and ultra-/superhydrophobic states for improved bioanalytical readout 164
Preface 164
Introduction 166
Porous silicon – a novel 3D substrate for protein microarray technology 167
Effect of porous texture on microarray data quality 180
Superhydrophobic and ultrahydrophobic states on porous silicon 187
MS compatible protein arrays/dual-readout chips 195
Accelerated protein digestion and analyte enrichment in nanovials 197
Superhydrophobic MALDI-TOF MS target anchor chips 200
Conclusions 203
Acknowledgments 204
References 204
Chapter 8. Production of plasmid DNA for pharmaceutical use 216
Introduction 216
Plasmid production 217
Conclusions 233
References 233
Chapter 9. Potentials of phenolic molecules of natural origin and their derivatives as anti-HIV agents 238
Abbreviations used 238
Introduction 240
The AIDS and its therapy 240
Plant materials and extracts against HIV-1: Few examples 243
In silico approaches for the discovery of anti-HIV molecules from natural products 245
Docking and virtual screening 245
Caffeic acid derivatives from food supplements against HIV 246
The HIV-1 life cycle and the mechanism of action of anti-HIV compounds from medicinal plants 247
Phenolics – a promising class of molecules against HIV 249
Some biological activities of phenolics 250
Phenolics acting on viral targets 252
Chemogenomics in anti-HIV drug discovery 267
Conclusions, perspectives and recommendations 270
Acknowledgments 271
References 271
Chapter 10. Ganoderma lucidum and its pharmaceutically active compounds 280
Introduction 280
G. lucidum cultivation methods 282
Cultivation of fruit bodies on natural wood logs 283
Cultivation of fruit bodies on sawdust substrates 285
Cultivation of G. lucidum mycelia in a bioreactor 287
Main pharmacologically active compounds in G. lucidum 291
Triterpenoids from Ganoderma mushrooms 291
Polysaccharides from Ganoderma fruit bodies and mycelia 298
Regulation and protection of cells 303
Peptidoglycanes and proteins 303
Other compounds 304
Formulations, market products and clinical trials 305
Conclusion 307
References 307
Chapter 11. Citric acid production 318
Introduction 318
Uses and occurrence 319
Strains for citric acid production 320
Biochemistry 321
Substrates 329
Production processes 333
Product recovery 339
Economic aspects 344
Citric acid World production 345
References 349
Chapter 12. Using nanotechnology to improve the characteristics of antineoplastic drugs: Improved characteristics of nab-paclitaxel compared with solvent-based paclitaxel 360
Introduction 360
Paclitaxel 361
nab-Paclitaxel 362
Nonclinical studies with nab-paclitaxel 363
Clinical studies with nab-paclitaxel 363
Discussion 369
References 369
Index of authors 374
Keyword index 376