Sample Surveys: Design, Methods and Applications (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Title Page 4
Copyright Page 5
Preface to Handbook 29A 6
Table of Contents 8
Contributors: Vol. 29A 20
Part 1: Sampling and Survey Design 26
Introduction to Part 1 28
1. Importance of survey design 28
2. Framework and approaches to design and inference 29
3. Challenges in survey design 31
Chapter 1. Introduction to Survey Sampling 34
1. Two alternative approaches to survey sampling inference 34
2. Historical approaches to survey sampling inference 38
3. Some common sampling strategies 46
4. Conclusion 62
Chapter 2. Sampling with Unequal Probabilities 64
1. Introduction 64
2. Some methods of unequal probability sampling 65
3. Point estimation in unequal probability sampling without replacement 72
4. Variance estimators free of joint inclusion probabilities 73
5. Variance estimation of a function of means 75
6. Balanced sampling 76
Chapter 3. Two-Phase Sampling 80
1. Introduction 80
2. Using auxiliary information in estimation 85
3. Three-phase sampling 90
4. Two-phase estimation illustration 91
Chapter 4. Multiple-Frame Surveys 96
1. What are multiple-frame surveys, and why are they used? 96
2. Point estimation in multiple-frame surveys 101
3. Variance estimation in multiple-frame surveys 108
4. Designing multiple-frame surveys 110
5. New applications and challenges for multiple-frame surveys 110
Acknowledgments 113
Chapter 5. Designs for Surveys over Time 114
1. Introduction 114
2. Repeated surveys 116
3. Rotating panel surveys 119
4. Panel surveys 122
5. Conclusions 133
Chapter 6. Sampling of Rare Populations 134
1. Introduction 134
2. Modifications to classical design-based sampling strategies 135
3. Adaptive sampling designs 140
4. Experimental design 148
5. Confidence interval estimation 148
6. Summary 149
Chapter 7. Design, Conduct, and Analysis of Random-Digit Dialing Surveys 150
1. Introduction 150
2. Design of RDD surveys 151
3. Conduct of RDD surveys 159
4. Analysis of RDD surveys 171
Part 2: Survey Processing 180
Introduction to Part 2 182
1. Overview of data processing steps 182
2. Data quality and data processing 187
Chapter 8. Nonresponse and Weighting 188
1. Nonresponse in surveys 188
2. Response rates 192
3. The relationship between response rates and nonresponse bias 195
4. Weighting for nonresponse 199
5. Variance and confidence interval estimation 206
6. Discussion 208
Chapter 9. Statistical Data Editing 212
1. Introduction 212
2. The use of edit rules 213
3. Interactive editing 214
4. Editing during the data collection phase 216
5. Selective editing 217
6. Automatic editing 223
7. Macro-editing 232
8. A strategy for statistical data editing 236
9. Discussion 238
Chapter 10. Imputation and Inference in the Presence of Missing Data 240
1. Introduction 240
2. Context and defnitions 241
3. Bias of the imputed estimator 249
4. Variance of the imputed estimator 255
5. Imputation classes 256
6. Variance estimation 260
7. Multiple imputation 268
8. Conclusions 271
Chapter 11. Dealing with Outliers in Survey Data 272
1. Introduction 272
2. Estimation of the mean of an asymmetric distribution in an infinite population 275
3. The estimation of totals in finite populations containing outliers 281
4. The estimation of totals using auxiliary information in finite populations containing outliers 284
5. Dealing with stratum jumpers 295
6. Practical issues and future work 303
Chapter 12. Measurement Errors in Sample Surveys 306
1. Introduction 306
2. Modeling survey measurement error 307
3. The truth as a latent variable: Latent class models 314
4. Latent class models for three or more polytomous indicators 319
5. Some advanced topics 328
6. Measurement error evaluation with continuous variables 334
7. Discussion 340
Chapter 13. Computer Software for Sample Surveys 342
1. Survey process 342
2. Data collection 343
3. Statistical data editing 350
4. Imputation 357
5. Weighting adjustment 361
6. Analysis 368
7. Disclosure control 373
Chapter 14. Record Linkage 376
1. Introduction 376
2. Overview of methods 378
3. Data preparation 391
4. More advanced methods 395
5. Concluding remarks 405
Chapter 15. Statistical Disclosure Control for Survey Data 406
1. Introduction 406
2. Tabular outputs 409
3. Microdata 413
4. Conclusion 421
Acknowledgments 421
Part 3: Survey Applications 422
Introduction to Part 3 424
1. Frames and designs 424
2. Stratification, allocation and sampling 426
3. Estimation 427
4. Auxiliary information 428
5. Challenges 429
Chapter 16. Sampling and Estimation in Household Surveys 432
1. Introduction 432
2. Survey designs 433
3. Repeated household surveys 440
4. Data collection 450
5. Weighting and estimation 452
6. Nonsampling errors in household surveys 460
7. Integration of household surveys 461
8. Survey redesign 463
9. Conclusions 463
Acknowledgments 464
Chapter 17. Sampling and Estimation in Business Surveys 466
1. Introduction 466
2. Sampling frames for business surveys 467
3. Administrative data 471
4. Sample size determination and allocation 475
5. Sample selection and rotation 482
6. Data editing and imputation 485
7. Estimation 492
Chapter 18. Sampling, Data Collection, and Estimation in Agricultural Surveys 496
1. Introduction 496
2. Sampling 498
3. Data collection 505
4. Statistical estimation 507
5. Confidentiality 510
6. Concluding remarks 510
Acknowledgments 511
Chapter 19. Sampling and Inference in Environmental Surveys 512
1. Introduction 512
2. Sampling populations in space 514
3. Defining sample frames for environmental populations 515
4. Designs for probability-based environmental samples 517
5. Using ancillary information in design 525
6. Inference for probability-based design 527
7. Model-based optimal spatial designs 528
8. Plot design issues 531
9. Sources of error in environmental studies 533
10. Conclusions 537
Acknowledgements 537
Chapter 20. Survey Sampling Methods in Marketing Research: A Review of Telephone, Mall Intercept, Panel, and Web Surveys 538
1. Introduction 538
2. Telephone surveys 542
3. Fax surveys 552
4. Shopping center sampling and interviewing 552
5. Consumer panels 554
6. Web surveys 559
7. Conclusion 563
Chapter 21. Sample Surveys and Censuses 564
1. Introduction 564
2. The use of sample surveys for estimating coverage errors 566
3. The use of sample surveys to evaluate statistical adjustment of census counts 577
4. The use of sample surveys for carrying out a census 583
5. Sample surveys carried out in conjunction with a census 587
6. Concluding remarks 589
Chapter 22. Opinion and Election Polls 592
1. Introduction: the reasons for public opinion and election polling 592
2. General methodological issues in public opinion and election polls 600
3. Preelection polling: methods, impact, and current issues 605
4. Exit polling 609
5. Postelection and between-election polls 613
6. Other opinion measurements: focus groups, deliberative polls, and the effect of political events 613
7. Present and future challenges in polling 615
8. Continued interest in public opinion and polling 619
Acknowledgments 620
References 622
Subject Index: Index of Vol. 29A 676
Handbook of Statistics: Contents of Previous Volumes 696