Hermann Schlichting – 100 Years (eBook)

Preface 6
Table of Contents 7
Biography of Professor Hermann Schlichting 9
Hermann Schlichting and the Boundary-Layer Theory 11
Boundary-Layer Theory 11
Schlichting’s Boundary-Layer Research 14
Tollmien Schlichting Waves 14
Points of Indifference (Transition Start) 14
Points of Completed Transition 17
Equivalent Sand Roughness 20
Research Just after the War 22
Automobile Aerodynamics 22
Cascade Flows for Turbomachines 22
Book “Boundary-Layer Theory” 22
References 23
Hermann Schlichting’s Work and Wake in Airplane-Aerodynamics 26
An Approach 26
Scientific Acitivities in the 30ies and 40ies 27
Collapse and Reconstruction 34
Supervisor and Mentor in Aerodynamics 39
Schlichting Today 44
References 45
Numerical Simulation – Complementing Theory and Experiment as the Third Pillar in Aerodynamics 47
Introduction 47
Numerical Simulation in Science and Engineering 49
Basic Principles and Historical Development 51
Principle of Numerical Flow Simulation 52
Overview of Development of Computational Fluid Dynamics 53
Status of Numerical Flow Simulation at DLR 55
Civil Transport Aircraft at High-Lift Conditions 55
Unsteady Maneuver Simulation for Military Aircraft 58
Helicopter 59
Two Challenges 61
Perspectives 62
Center for Computer Applications in Aerospace Science and Engineering 63
References 64
Modern Wind Tunnel Techniques for Unsteady Testing – Development of Dynamic Test Rigs 67
Introduction 67
Criteria to Be Considered for Designing Dynamic Wind Tunnel Testing 68
Historical Development 69
Dynamic Testing Capabilities in Germany 71
Conclusion 83
References 84
Principle and Perspective of Optical Multipoint Methods for Aerodynamic Investigations 86
Introduction 86
Particle Image Velocimetry 87
Basic Principle 87
Evaluation 90
Application of PIV and Time-Resolved PIV 91
Extensions of the Particle Image Velocimetry 93
Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry 93
Multi-plane Stereo Particle Image Velocimetry 94
Long-Range Microscopic Particle Image Velocimetry 94
Tomographic Particle Image Velocimetry 95
Background Oriented Schlieren Method 96
Basic Principle 96
Evaluation 97
Application 97
Tomographic Extension of BOS 98
Image Pattern Correlation Technique 99
Basic Principle of Translation Estimation 99
Basic Principle of 3D Deformation Estimation 100
Infrared Thermography 102
Basic Principle 102
Evaluation 102
Application 103
Pressure Sensitive Paint 105
Basic Principle 105
Evaluation 106
Application 107
Conclusion 108
References 109
The Second International Vortex Flow Experiment (VFE-2) 113
Introduction 113
Test Configuration 114
Objectives for New Tests 115
Organization and Program of Work 116
Experimental Results for Partly Developed Vortical Flow (a < 18°)
Vortex Formation on the Blunt Edged Configuration at a = 13° 117
Effects of Angle of Attack 120
Effects of Reynolds Number 122
Effects of Mach Number 123
Boundary Layers at a = 13° 123
Experimental Results for Fully Developed Vortical Flow without Vortex Breakdown (a = 18°) 125
Experimental Results for Fully Developed Vortical Flow with Vortex Breakdown (a = 23°) 128
Numerical Results for the VFE-2 Configuration 130
Numerical Results for Fully Developed Vortical Flows without Vortex Breakdown (a = 18°) 131
Numerical Results for Fully Developed Vortical Flows with Vortex Breakdown (a = 23°) 132
Numerical Results for the Partly Developed Vortical Flow Around the Configuration with Blunt Leading Edge (a = 13°) 132
Outlook 134
References 135
Aerodynamic Wing Design for Transport Aircraft – Today 138
Introduction 138
Historical Mile Stones 138
Wing Technologies – An Aerodynamic Point of View 139
Swept Wing 141
Transsonic Wing Section 142
Laminar Wing 144
Forward Swept Wing 147
Elastic Wing 149
Perspectives 150
References 151
Passive and Active Methods to Enhance Axial-Flow Compressor Aerodynamics 153
Introduction 153
Passive Control of the Stator Hub Flow in a Highly Loaded Single-Stage Axial-Flow Low-Speed Compressor 154
Test Facility and Stage Design 154
Numerical Code, Computational Grid and Boundary Conditions 157
Results and Discussion 157
Active Control of the Tip Clearance Flow in Three Different Single-Stage Axial-Flow Low-Speed Compressors 162
Test Facility and Stage Design 162
Results and Discussion 163
Summary and Conclusion 171
References 173
Flow Analysis of Augmented High-Lift Systems 176
Introduction 176
Review of Circulation Control Technology 179
Numerical Flow Simulation Capability 183
Validation Experiment 183
Numerical Simulation Model 183
Comparison of Numerical and Experimental Results 184
Transport Wing Sections with High Blowing Gains 188
Geometry 189
Flow Analysis 190
Design Variants with Extended Lift Capability 194
Conclusion and Outlook 195
References 196
Dankesrede der Familie Schlichting zum Abschluss des wissenschaftlichen Kolloquiums am 28. Sept. 2007 aus Anlass des 100. Geburtstages von Prof. Dr. Hermann Schlichting in der Aula der TU Braunschweig 198
Vote of Thanks by the Family Schlichting, Terminating the Scientific Colloquium on September 28, 2007 at the Occasion of the 100th Anniversary of the Birthday of Prof. Dr. Hermann Schlichting 199
Author Index 200