Object Oriented Simulation (eBook)

Preface 5
Contents 9
Basic Concepts of Modeling and Simulation 21
Models and Simulation 23
1.1 Introduction 23
1.2 Systems and Models 23
1.3 Simulation 24
1.4 Input Parameters and Performance 29
1.5 Modeling System Behavior 31
1.6 Simulation Time 32
1.7 Discrete-Event Simulation Approaches 32
1.8 Simulation Software 34
1.9 Simulation Study 35
1.10 Key Terms 37
1.11 Summary 37
Exercises 38
Introduction to Arena 39
2.1 The ArenaWindow 39
2.2 Arena Modules 40
2.3 Using Arena 41
2.4 A Simple Model of The Carwash System 41
2.5 Summary 47
Exercises 48
Introduction to Flexsim 50
3.1 Modeling Concepts and Terms in Flexsim 50
3.2 Using Flexsim 52
3.3 A Simple Model of The Carwash System 52
3.4 Summary 61
Exercises 61
Object Oriented Programming with OOSimL 62
Programs and Software Development 64
4.1 Introduction 64
4.2 Programming Languages 65
4.3 Software Development 66
4.4 Summary 68
4.5 Key Terms 69
Exercises 69
Object Orientation 70
5.1 Introduction 70
5.2 Modules 70
5.3 Modeling Objects 71
5.4 Object Interactions 74
5.5 Other Concepts of Object Orientation 75
5.6 Summary 76
5.7 Key Terms 77
Exercises 77
Object-Oriented Programs 78
6.1 Introduction 78
6.2 Programs 78
6.3 Definition of Classes 78
6.4 Implementation of Programs 79
6.5 Data Declaration 81
6.6 Functions 84
6.7 Summary 85
6.8 Key Terms 86
Exercises 86
Functions 87
7.1 Introduction 87
7.2 Function Implementation 87
7.3 Function Calls 88
7.4 Constructors 92
7.5 Complete Sample Program 94
7.6 Static Features 96
7.7 Summary 97
7.8 Key Terms 97
Exercises 98
Design and Program Structures 99
8.1 Introduction 99
8.2 Design Notations 99
8.3 Algorithmic Structures 102
8.4 Programming Statements 104
8.5 Computing Area and Circumference 107
8.6 Summary 109
8.7 Key Terms 109
Exercises 109
Selection 111
9.1 Introduction 111
9.2 Selection Structure 111
9.3 Example Program 114
9.4 If Statement with Multiple Paths 118
9.5 Using Logical Operators 119
9.6 The Case Statement 120
9.7 Summary 121
9.8 Key Terms 121
Exercises 121
Repetition 123
10.1 Introduction 123
10.2 The While Loop Structure 123
10.3 Employee Pay Problem with Repetition 125
10.4 Loop Until 127
10.5 For Loop Structure 128
10.6 Summary 129
10.7 Key Terms 130
Exercises 130
Arrays 132
11.1 Introduction 132
11.2 Array Declaration 132
11.3 Creating Arrays 133
11.4 Manipulating an Array 134
11.5 Array Parameters 136
11.6 Array Return Types 137
11.7 Arrays with Multiple Dimensions 138
11.8 Examples with Arrays 139
11.9 Summary 145
11.10 Key Terms 146
Exercises 146
Inheritance 147
12.1 Introduction 147
12.2 Modeling Classes 147
12.3 Inheritance 148
12.4 Summary 154
12.5 Key Terms 154
Exercises 154
Advanced Object Oriented Concepts 156
13.1 Introduction 156
13.2 Abstract Classes 156
13.3 Interfaces 159
13.4 Object Types 161
13.5 Polymorphism 161
13.6 Summary 162
13.7 Key Terms 163
Exercises 163
Introduction to Graphical Interfaces 165
14.1 Introduction 165
14.2 Graphical Components 165
14.3 Containers 166
14.4 Frames 166
14.5 Event-Driven Programs with GUIs 171
14.6 Panels 175
14.7 Applets 176
14.8 Drawing Objects 178
14.9 Summary 182
14.10 Key Terms 183
Exercises 183
Exceptions 185
15.1 Introduction 185
15.2 Programming with Exceptions 185
15.3 Summary 188
15.4 Key Terms 188
Exercises 189
Input and Output 190
16.1 Introduction 190
16.2 Files 190
16.3 Using Text Files 191
16.4 Summary 199
16.5 Key Terms 200
Exercises 200
Recursion 201
17.1 Introduction 201
17.2 Defining Recursive Solutions 201
17.3 Examples of Recursive Functions 202
17.4 Recursive Executions 209
17.5 Summary 211
17.6 Key Terms 211
Exercises 211
Threads 212
18.1 Introduction 212
18.2 Programming with Multiple Threads 212
18.3 Defining Thread Classes 213
18.4 More on Thread Behaviors 214
18.5 Summary 218
18.6 Key Terms 218
18.7 Exercises Exercises 219
Linked lists 220
19.1 Introduction 220
19.2 General Form of a Linked List 220
19.3 Node Objects 221
19.4 Linked Lists 222
19.5 Linked List with Two Ends 226
19.6 Nodes with Two Links 228
19.7 Higher-level Data Structures 229
19.8 Generic Classes 235
19.9 Using Java Collections Framework 238
19.10 Summary 241
19.11 Key Terms 241
Exercises 241
Using Assertions with Programming 244
20.1 Introduction 244
20.2 Using Assertions in Programming 244
20.3 Advantages of Using Assertions 246
20.4 Specification of Classes 247
20.5 Using Assertions with OOSimL 248
20.6 Loop Invariants and Loop Variants 253
20.7 Summary 256
20.8 Key Terms 256
Exercises 256
Discrete-Event Simulation 257
Models of Single-Server Systems 259
21.1 Introduction 259
21.2 Object-Oriented Simulation with OOSimL 259
21.3 Implementing A Simulation Model 260
21.4 General Structure of Single-Server Models 262
21.5 A Model for The Car-Wash System 262
21.6 Activity Diagrams 270
21.7 Implementing The Simulation Model 276
21.8 Graphical User Interfaces 287
21.9 Summary 289
21.10 Key Terms 289
Exercises 289
Models of Multi-Server Systems 291
22.1 Introduction 291
22.2 Queuing Models 291
22.3 Multi-Server Queuing Models 292
22.4 The Carwash System 292
22.5 OOSimL Implementation of the Model 297
22.6 Models With Multiple Queues 302
22.7 Queuing Networks 303
22.8 Summary 304
22.9 Key Terms 305
Exercises 305
Models with Priorities 306
23.1 Introduction 306
23.2 PrioritiesWith Single-Server Models 307
23.3 Car Wash Model with Priorities 311
23.4 Multi-Server Models with Priorities 324
23.5 Summary 324
23.6 Key Terms 325
Exercises 325
Standard Resources 326
24.1 Introduction 326
24.2 Resource Manipulation 326
24.3 Model of a Warehouse System 331
24.4 Allocating Resources with Priorities 338
24.5 Deadlock 338
24.6 Summary 338
Exercises 339
Detachable Resources 340
25.1 Introduction 340
25.2 Infinite Containers 340
25.3 Producer and Consumer Processes 341
25.4 Implementing Detachable Resources 342
25.5 A Machine Parts-Replacement System 345
25.6 Summary 352
25.7 Exercises 352
Synchronous Process Cooperation 353
26.1 Introduction 353
26.2 Joint Process Activities 353
26.3 Synchronization Mechanism 354
26.4 Cooperation with Several Slaves 357
26.5 Synchronous Process Communication 358
26.6 Process Cooperation Model 359
26.7 Summary 369
26.8 Questions 369
Conditional Waiting 371
27.1 Introduction 371
27.2 Using ConditionalWaiting 371
27.3 ConditionalWaiting with OOSimL 373
27.4 The Port System 375
27.5 Summary 381
27.6 Exercises 381
Interrupts 383
28.1 Introduction 383
28.2 Basic concepts of Interruptions 383
28.3 Handling Interrupts 384
28.4 Interrupts using OOSimL 386
28.5 Carwash Model with Interrupts 388
28.6 The Machine Breakdowns Model 397
28.7 Summary 398
28.8 Key Terms 399
Exercises 399
Input Analysis and Specification 400
29.1 Introduction 400
29.2 Types of Input Variables 401
29.3 Representing Data 401
29.4 Testing Selected Distributions 409
29.5 Summary 409
Exercises 410
Simulation Output Analysis 411
30.1 Introduction 411
30.2 Performance Measures 411
30.3 Comparing Sample Data 412
30.4 Statistical Inference 413
30.5 Terminating and Non-terminating Runs 414
30.6 Summary 415
Model Validation 416
31.1 Introduction 416
31.2 Verification Techniques for Simulation Models 416
31.3 Validation of Simulation Models 417
31.4 Summary 420
Configuring Tools and Compiling OOSimL Programs 421
A.1 The OOSimL Compiler 421
A.2 Developing Models with The jGRASP Environment 422
A.3 Using The Eclipse Platform 427
A.4 Configuring Eclipse for OOSimL Models 427
A.5 Developing Models in a DOS Window 434
Overview of Basic Probability Theory 439
B.1 Introduction 439
B.2 Experiments and Probabilities 439
B.3 Random Variables 441
B.4 Other Properties of Random Variables 442
B.5 Stochastic Processes 442
B.6 Random Numbers in Simulation Models 443
Bibliography 444
Index 447