The Modula-2 Software Component Library

0 Introduction to Volume 3.- 1 - Preliminaries.- 1 Specification.- 1.1 Specification of Procedure Abstractions.- 1.1.1 Header Section.- 1.1.2 Requires Section.- 1.1.3 Where Section.- 1.1.4 Modifies Section.- 1.1.5 Effects Section.- 1.1.6 Signals Section.- 1.2 Specification of Data Abstractions.- 1.3 Special Symbols.- References.- 2 Module Guide.- 2.1 Purpose.- 2.2 Characterization of Modules.- 2.3 Module Guide Organization.- 2.4 Binary Trees.- 2.4.1 Tree Types.- 2.4.2 AVL Tree - Sequential Unbounded Managed Iterator.- 2.4.3 BB Tree - Sequential Unbounded Managed Iterator.- 2.4.4 Binary Tree - Sequential Bounded Managed Iterator.- 2.4.5 Binary Tree - Sequential Unbounded Managed Iterator.- 2.4.6 IPB Tree - Sequential Unbounded Managed Iterator.- 2.5 Graphs.- 2.5.1 Graph Types.- 2.5.2 Graph - Directed Sequential Bounded Managed Iterator.- 2.5.3 Graph - Directed Sequential Unbounded Managed Iterator.- 2.5.4 Graph - Undirected Sequential Bounded Managed Iterator.- 2.5.5 Graph - Undirected Sequential Unbounded Managed Iterator.- 2.6 Graph Utilities.- 2.7 Module Names.- References.- 2 - Trees.- 3 Tree Abstraction.- 3.1 Concepts and Definitions.- 3.1.1 Basic Tree Definitions.- 3.1.2 Attributes of Nodes.- 3.1.3 Relationships Between Nodes.- 3.1.4 Attributes of Trees.- 3.1.5 Kinds of Trees.- 3.1.6 Tree Traversals.- 3.1.6.1 General Tree Traversals.- 3.1.6.2 Binary Tree Traversals.- 3.1.7 Forests.- 3.2 Applications and Uses.- 3.3 Binary Search Tree Operations.- 3.3.1 Constructors.- 3.3.1.1 Create.- 3.3.1.2 Destroy.- 3.3.1.3 Clear.- 3.3.1.4 Assign.- 3.3.1.5 Insert.- 3.3.1.6 MakeTree.- 3.3.1.7 Remove.- 3.3.2 Selectors.- 3.3.2.1 IsDefined.- 3.3.2.2 IsEmpty.- 3.3.2.3 IsEqual.- 3.3.2.4 ExtentOf.- 3.3.2.5 IsPresent.- 3.3.3 Passive Iterators.- 3.3.3.1 Preorder.- 3.3.3.2 Inorder.- 3.3.3.3 Postorder.- 3.3.4 Active Iterators.- 3.3.4.1 RootOf.- 3.3.4.2 LeftOf.- 3.3.4.3 RightOf.- 3.3.4.4 IsNull.- 3.3.4.5 KeyOf.- 3.3.4.6 DataOf.- 3.4 Balanced Binary Trees.- 3.4.1 Height-Balanced (AVL) Trees.- 3.4.2 Weight-Balanced (BB) Trees.- 3.4.3 Path-Balanced (IPB) Trees.- 3.4.4 Rotations.- 3.5 Tree Exceptions.- 3.5.1 Initialization Failed.- 3.5.2 Overflow.- 3.5.3 Tree is Null.- 3.5.4 Type Error.- 3.5.5 Undefined.- 3.6 Summary.- 3.6.1 Operations Summary.- 3.6.2 Exceptions Summary.- References.- 4 The Unbounded Binary Tree.- 4.1 Tree Types Module.- 4.1.1 Tree Operations.- 4.1.2 Tree Exceptions.- 4.1.3 Tree Types and Procedure Types.- 4.2 Unbounded Binary Search Tree Interface.- 4.2.1 Type Declarations.- 4.2.2 Exception Handling.- 4.2.3 Constructors.- 4.2.4 Selectors.- 4.2.5 Passive Iterators.- 4.2.6 Active Iterators.- 4.3 Unbounded Binary Search Tree Implementation.- 4.3.1 Internal Representation.- 4.3.2 Exception Handling.- 4.3.3 Local Operations.- 4.3.4 Constructors.- 4.3.5 Selectors.- 4.3.6 Passive Iterators.- 4.3.7 Active Iterators.- 4.3.8 Module Initialization.- 4.4 Unbounded Binary Search Tree Utilities Interface.- 4.4.1 Utility Selectors.- 4.4.2 Debugging Iterators.- 4.5 Unbounded Binary Search Tree Utilities Implementation.- 4.5.1 Utility Selectors.- 4.5.2 Debugging Iterators.- References.- 5. The Bounded Binary Tree.- 5.1 Bounded Binary Search Tree Interface.- 5.1.1 Type Declarations.- 5.1.2 Exception Handling.- 5.1.3 Constructors.- 5.1.4 Selectors.- 5.1.5 Passive Iterators.- 5.1.6 Active Iterators.- 5.2 Bounded Binary Search Tree Implementation.- 5.2.1 Internal Representation.- 5.2.2 Exception Handling.- 5.2.3 Free List Management.- 5.2.4 Local Operations.- 5.2.5 Constructors.- 5.2.6 Selectors.- 5.2.7 Passive Iterators.- 5.2.8 Active Iterators.- 5.2.9 Module Initialization.- References.- 6 The Unbounded AVL Tree.- 6.1 Unbounded AVL Tree Interface.- 6.1.1 Type Declarations.- 6.1.2 Exception Handling.- 6.1.3 Constructors.- 6.1.4 Selectors.- 6.1.5 Passive Iterators.- 6.1.6 Active Iterators.- 6.2 Unbounded AVL Tree Implementation.- 6.2.1 Internal Representation.- 6.2.2 Exception Handling.- 6.2.3 Local Operations.- 6.2.4 Constructors.- 6.2.5 Selectors.- 6.2.6 Passive Iterators.- 6.2.7 Active Iterators.- 6.2.8 Module Initialization.- 6.3 Unbounded AVL Tree Utilities Interface.- 6.3.1 Utility Selectors.- 6.3.2 Debugging Iterators.- 6.4 Unbounded AVL Tree Utilities Implementation.- 6.4.1 Utility Selectors.- 6.4.2 Debugging Iterators.- References.- 7 The Unbounded BB Tree.- 7.1 Unbounded BB Tree Interface.- 7.1.1 Type Declarations.- 7.1.2 Exception Handling.- 7.1.3 Constructors.- 7.1.4 Selectors.- 7.1.5 Passive Iterators.- 7.1.6 Active Iterators.- 7.2 Unbounded BB Tree Implementation.- 7.2.1 Internal Representation.- 7.2.2 Exception Handling.- 7.2.3 Local Operations.- 7.2.4 Constructors.- 7.2.5 Selectors.- 7.2.6 Passive Iterators.- 7.2.7 Active Iterators.- 7.2.8 Module Initialization.- References.- 8 The Unbounded k-Balanced Binary Tree.- 8.1 Unbounded k-Balanced Binary Tree Interface.- 8.1.1 Type Declarations.- 8.1.2 Exception Handling.- 8.1.3 Constructors.- 8.1.4 Selectors.- 8.1.5 Passive Iterators.- 8.1.6 Active Iterators.- 8.2 Unbounded k-Balanced Binary Tree Implementation.- 8.2.1 Internal Representation.- 8.2.2 Exception Handling.- 8.2.3 Local Operations.- 8.2.4 Constructors.- 8.2.5 Selectors.- 8.2.6 Passive Iterators.- 8.2.7 Active Iterators.- 8.2.8 Module Initialization.- 8.3 Unbounded k-Balanced Binary Tree Utilities Interface.- 8.3.1 Utility Selectors.- 8.3.2 Debugging Iterators.- 8.4 Unbounded k-Balanced Binary Tree Utilities Implementation.- 8.4.1 Utility Selectors.- 8.4.2 Debugging Iterators.- References.- 3 Graphs.- 9 Graph Abstraction.- 9.1 Concepts and Definitions.- 9.1.1 Directed Graphs.- 9.1.2 Undirected Graphs.- 9.1.3 Labeled and Weighted Graphs.- 9.2 Applications and Uses.- 9.3 Directed Graph Specifications.- 9.3.1 Directed Graph Types.- 9.3.2 Directed Graph Constructors.- 9.3.2.1 Create.- 9.3.2.2 Destroy.- 9.3.2.3 Clear.- 9.3.2.4 Assign.- 9.3.2.5 Insert.- 9.3.2.6 Remove.- 9.3.2.7 SetLabel.- 9.3.2.8 Link.- 9.3.2.9 Unlink.- 9.3.2.10 SetAttribute.- 9.3.3 Directed Graph Selectors.- 9.3.3.1 IsDefined.- 9.3.3.2 IsEmpty.- 9.3.3.3 OrderOf.- 9.3.3.4 SizeOf.- 9.3.3.5 OutDegree.- 9.3.3.6 InDegree.- 9.3.3.7 LabelOf.- 9.3.3.8 IsVertex.- 9.3.3.9 GraphOf.- 9.3.3.10 IsEdge.- 9.3.3.11 AttributeOf.- 9.3.3.12 InitialOf.- 9.3.3.13 FinalOf.- 9.3.4 Directed Graph Passive Iterators.- 9.3.4.1 Traverse Vertices.- 9.3.4.2 TraverseEdges.- 9.3.4.3 Iterate.- 9.3.4.4 LoopVertices.- 9.3.4.5 LoopEdges.- 9.3.4.6 Looplterate.- 9.3.5 Directed Graph Active Iterators.- 9.3.5.1 FirstVertex.- 9.3.5.2 NextVertex.- 9.3.5.3 FirstEdge.- 9.3.5.4 NextVertex.- 9.4 Undirected Graph Specifications.- 9.4.1 Undirected Graph Constructors.- 9.4.1.1 Remove.- 9.4.1.2 Link.- 9.4.2 Undirected Graph Selectors.- 9.4.2.1 DegreeOf.- 9.4.2.2 FirstOf.- 9.4.2.3 SecondOf.- 9.4.2.4 IncidentOn.- 9.4.3 Undirected Graph Passive Iterators.- 9.5 Graph Exceptions.- 9.5.1 EdgeIsNull.- 9.5.2 EdgeNotInGraph.- 9.5.3 Initialization Failed.- 9.5.4 Overflow.- 9.5.5 Undefined.- 9.5.6 VertexIsNull.- 9.5.7 VertexNotInGraph.- 9.6 Graph Utilities.- 9.6.1 BreadthFirstSearch.- 9.6.2 DepthFirstSearch.- 9.6.3 HasSelfLoops.- 9.6.4 IsIsolated.- 9.6.5 IsReachable.- 9.6.6 IsTerminal.- 9.6.7 MaxDegree.- 9.6.7 MinDegree.- 9.7 Summary.- 9.7.1 Directed Graph Operations Summary.- 9.7.2 Directed Graph Exceptions Summary.- 9.7.3 Undirected Graph Operations Summary.- 9.7.4 Undirected Graph Exceptions Summary.- 9.7.5 Graph Utility Operations Summary.- 9.7.6 Graph Utility Exceptions Summary.- References.- 10 The Unbounded Directed Graph.- 10.1 Graph Types Interface.- 10.2 Unbounded Directed Graph Interface.- 10.2.1 Type Declarations.- 10.2.2 Exception Handling.- 10.2.3 Graph Constructors.- 10.2.4 Vertex Constructors.- 10.2.5 Edge Constructors.- 10.2.6 Graph Selectors.- 10.2.7 Vertex Selectors.- 10.2.8 Edge Selectors.- 10.2.9 Passive Iterators.- 10.2.10 Active Iterators.- 10.3 Unbounded Directed Graph Implementation.- 10.3.1 Internal Representation.- 10.3.2 Exception Handling.- 10.3.3 Local Routines.- 10.3.4 Graph Constructors.- 10.3.5 Vertex Constructors.- 10.3.6 Edge Constructors.- 10.3.7 Graph Selectors.- 10.3.8 Vertex Selectors.- 10.3.9 Edge Selectors.- 10.3.10 Passive Iterators.- 10.3.11 Active Iterators.- 10.3.12 Module Initialization.- References.- 11 The Bounded Directed Graph.- 11.1 Bounded Directed Graph Interface.- 11.1.1 Type Declarations.- 11.1.2 Exception Handling.- 11.1.3 Graph Constructors.- 11.1.4 Vertex Constructors.- 11.1.5 Edge Constructors.- 11.1.6 Graph Selectors.- 11.1.7 Vertex Selectors.- 11.1.8 Edge Selectors.- 11.1.9 Passive Iterators.- 11.1.10 Active Iterators.- 11.2 Bounded Directed Graph Implementation.- 11.2.1 Internal Representation.- 11.2.2 Exception Handling.- 11.2.3 Local Routines.- 11.2.4 Graph Constructors.- 11.2.5 Vertex Constructors.- 11.2.6 Edge Constructors.- 11.2.7 Graph Selectors.- 11.2.8 Vertex Selectors.- 11.2.9 Edge Selectors.- 11.2.10 Passive Iterators.- 11.2.11 Active Iterators.- 11.2.12 Module Initialization.- References.- 12 The Unbounded Undirected Graph.- 12.1 Unbounded Undirected Graph Interface.- 12.1.1 Type Declarations.- 12.1.2 Exception Handling.- 12.1.3 Graph Constructors.- 12.1.4 Vertex Constructors.- 12.1.5 Edge Constructors.- 12.1.6 Graph Selectors.- 12.1.7 Vertex Selectors.- 12.1.8 Edge Selectors.- 12.1.9 Passive Iterators.- 12.1.10 Active Iterators.- 12.2 Unbounded Undirected Graph Implementation.- 12.2.1 Internal Representation.- 12.2.2 Exception Handling.- 12.2.3 Local Routines.- 12.2.4 Graph Constructors.- 12.2.5 Vertex Constructors.- 12.2.6 Edge Constructors.- 12.2.7 Graph Selectors.- 12.2.8 Vertex Selectors.- 12.2.9 Edge Selectors.- 12.2.10 Passive Iterators.- 12.2.11 Active Iterators.- 12.2.12 Module Initialization.- References.- 13 Graph Utilities.- 13.1 DigraphSUMI Utilities Interface.- 13.1.1 Graph Selector Utilities.- 13.1.2 Vertex Selector Utilities.- 13.1.3 Graph Traversal Utilities.- 13.2 DigraphSUMI Utilities Implementation.- 13.2.1 Graph Selector Utilities.- 13.2.2 Vertex Selector Utilities.- 13.2.3 Graph Traversal Utilities.- References.- Appendices.- A Modula-2 Syntax Diagrams.- B Standard Modula-2 Routines.- C Modula-2 Compilers.- D Module Tables.- E Import Graphs.