SAP Performance Optimization Guide

Dr. Thomas Schneider started his career at SAP in 1996. In the SAP Active Global Support team he was responsible for monitoring issues, performance analysis, and hardware sizing. In that position he also authored the bestseller "SAP Performance Optimization Guide". Since 2004 he has worked in the Research & Breakthrough Innovation group where he first was responsible for IT Service & Application Management, before focusing on the Partner Development Infrastructure at SAP Business ByDesign.

1 Performance Management of an SAP Solution ... 35
... 1.1 ... SAP Solution Architecture ... 35
... 1.2 ... The Monitoring and Optimization Plan for an SAP Solution ... 46
... 1.3 ... Summary ... 69

2 Monitoring Hardware, Database, and SAP Basis ... 73
... 2.1 ... Basic Terms ... 73
... 2.2 ... Hardware Monitoring ... 75
... 2.3 ... Database Monitoring ... 85
... 2.4 ... Analyzing SAP Memory Configuration ... 106
... 2.5 ... Analyzing SAP Work Processes ... 115
... 2.6 ... Analyzing Java Virtual Machine (JVM) Memory Management and Work Processes ... 126
... 2.7 ... Analysis of the Internet Communication Manager (ICM) ... 134
... 2.8 ... Continuous Monitoring Using CCMS ... 135
... 2.9 ... Summary ... 145

3 Workload Analysis ... 149
... 3.1 ... Basics of Workload Analysis and Runtime Analysis ... 150
... 3.2 ... The Workload Monitor ... 155
... 3.3 ... Workload Analysis ... 160
... 3.4 ... Performing Workload Analyses ... 168
... 3.5 ... Application Monitor ... 179
... 3.6 ... The Central Workload Monitor ... 183
... 3.7 ... The Java Workload Monitor in SAP Solution Manager and the Introscope Monitor ... 188
... 3.8 ... Performing Workload Analysis for the SAP J2EE Engine ... 193
... 3.9 ... Summary ... 196

4 Identifying Performance Problems in ABAP and Java Programs ... 201
... 4.1 ... Single Record Statistics ... 201
... 4.2 ... Central Single-Record Statistics ... 206
... 4.3 ... Performance Trace ... 208
... 4.4 ... Performance Analysis with ABAP Trace (Runtime Analysis) ... 219
... 4.5 ... Analyzing Memory Usage with ABAP Debugger and in the Memory Inspector ... 227
... 4.6 ... Introscope Trace ... 231
... 4.7 ... End-to-End Runtime Analysis in SAP Solution Manager 233
... 4.8 ... Summary ... 236

5 Workload Distribution ... 241
... 5.1 ... Services of the SAP NetWeaver Application Server ... 241
... 5.2 ... Load Distribution Within the ABAP Application Instances ... 248
... 5.3 ... Hardware Sizing ... 266
... 5.4 ... Planning the System Landscape ... 276
... 5.5 ... Summary ... 281

6 Interfaces ... 285
... 6.1 ... RFC Fundamentals ... 285
... 6.2 ... Interfaces to External Systems ... 291
... 6.3 ... SAP Virtual Machine Container ... 303
... 6.4 ... Summary ... 305

7 SAP GUI and Internet Connection ... 307
... 7.1 ... SAP GUI ... 308
... 7.2 ... SAP NetWeaver Application Server ... 316
... 7.3 ... Analyses on the Presentation Server ... 320
... 7.4 ... Internet Transaction Server (ITS) ... 326
... 7.5 ... Business Server Pages (BSP), Web Dynpro for ABAP, and Integrated ITS ... 335
... 7.6 ... Java Server Pages and Web Dynpro for Java ... 344
... 7.7 ... Summary ... 348

8 Memory Management ... 353
... 8.1 ... Memory Management Fundamentals ... 353
... 8.2 ... Configuring and Monitoring SAP Memory Areas ... 366
... 8.3 ... Summary ... 387

9 SAP Table Buffering ... 391
... 9.1 ... Preliminary Remarks Concerning Chapters 9, 10, and 11 ... 392
... 9.2 ... Table Buffering Fundamentals ... 393
... 9.3 ... Monitoring Table Buffering on the ABAP Server ... 405
... 9.4 ... Monitoring the Table Buffering on the SAP J2EE Engine ... 422
... 9.5 ... Summary ... 424

10 Locks ... 427
... 10.1 ... Database Locks and SAP Enqueues ... 427
... 10.2 ... Monitoring Database Locks ... 431
... 10.3 ... Number Range Buffering ... 436
... 10.4 ... ATP Server ... 443
... 10.5 ... Summary ... 449

11 Optimizing SQL Statements ... 451
... 11.1 ... Identifying and Analyzing Expensive SQL Statements ... 451
... 11.2 ... Optimizing SQL Statements Through Secondary Indexes ... 458
... 11.3 ... Optimizing SQL Statements in the ABAP Program ... 481
... 11.4 ... Summary and Related Tuning Measures ... 501

Appendices ... 507
... A ... Performance Analysis Roadmaps and Checklists ... 509
... B ... Database Monitors, Buffers, and SQL Execution Plans ... 529
... C ... Configuration Performance Parameters, Key Figures, and SAP Notes ... 565
... D ... Selected Transaction Codes ... 591
... E ... Review Questions and Answers ... 595
... F ... Glossary ... 609