Ideals and Ideologies

Terence Ball received his Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley, and is now Emeritus Professor of Political Science and Philosophy at Arizona State University. He taught previously at the University of Minnesota and has held visiting professorships at Oxford University, Cambridge University, and the University of California, San Diego. He is author of over one hundred scholarly articles, essays, and monographs. His books include Transforming Political Discourse (Blackwell, 1988); Reappraising Political Theory (Oxford University Press, 1995); and a mystery novel, Rousseau’s Ghost (SUNY Press, 1998). He has also edited The Federalist (Cambridge University Press, 2003); James Madison (Ashgate, 2008); and Abraham Lincoln: Political Writings and Speeches (Cambridge University Press, 2013); and co-edited The Cambridge History of Twentieth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge University Press, 2003) and six other volumes. Richard Dagger earned his Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota and has taught at Arizona State University, Rhodes College, and the University of Richmond, where he is currently the E. Claiborne Robins Distinguished Chair in the Liberal Arts. He is the author of many publications in political and legal philosophy, including Civic Virtues: Rights, Citizenship, and Republican Liberalism (Oxford University Press, 1997); and Playing Fair: Political Obligation and the Problem of Punishment (Oxford University Press, 2018). Daniel I. O’Neill received his Ph.D. from the University of California, Los Angeles, and is currently Professor of Political Science at the University of Florida. He is the author of The Burke-Wollstonecraft Debate: Savagery, Civilization, and Democracy (Penn State University Press, 2007), and Edmund Burke and the Conservative Logic of Empire (University of California Press, 2016). From 2017 to 2023, he was one of two editors of the flagship American Political Science Association journal Perspectives on Politics. Jennet Kirkpatrick earned her Ph.D. from Rutgers University and has taught at the University of Michigan and Arizona State University, where she is currently Professor of Political Science. She is an award-winning teacher, and the author of Uncivil Disobedience: Studies in Violence and Democratic Politics (Princeton University Press, 2008) and The Virtues of Exit: On Resistance and Quitting Politics (University of North Carolina Press, 2017).

Preface to the Twelfth Edition

Introduction

Part 1: The Concept of Ideology

1.1 Terrell Carver—Ideology: The Career of a Concept

Part 2: The Democratic Ideal: Historical and Philosophical Foundations

2.2 Euripides—Democracy and Despotism

2.3 Pericles—Funeral Oration

2.4 Aristotle—Democratic Judgment and the "Middling" Constitution

2.5 Niccolò Machiavelli—What’s Wrong with Princely Rule?

2.6 John Adams—What Is a Republic?

2.7 Bill of Rights of the United States

2.8 Alexis de Tocqueville—Democracy and Equality

2.9 John Stuart Mill—Democratic Participation and Political Education

2.10 Alexander Keyssar---Voter Suppression, Then and Now

2.11 Andrew Sullivan—Democracies End When They Become Too Democratic

2.12 Timothy Egan—The Dumbed Down Democracy

Part 3: Liberalism

3.13 Thomas Hobbes—The State of Nature and the Basis of Obligation

3.14 John Locke—Toleration and Government

3.15 Thomas Paine—Government, Rights, and the Freedom of Generations

3.16 Declaration of Independence of the United States

3.17 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of Citizens

3.18 Adam Smith—Private Profit, Public Good

3.19 Immanuel Kant—Freedom and Enlightenment

3.20 John Stuart Mill—Liberty and Individuality

3.21 William Graham Sumner—According to the Fitness of Things

3.22 T. H. Green—Liberalism and Positive Freedom

3.23 Franklin D. Roosevelt—Commonwealth Club Address (1932)

3.24 Lyndon B. Johnson—"To Fulfill These Rights": Speech at Howard University

3.25 Paul Krugman—The Conscience of a Liberal

3.26 Donald Allen—Paternalism vs. Democracy: A Libertarian View

3.27 Murray Rothbard—Libertarian Anarchism

3.28 Terence Ball—A Libertarian Utopia

Part 4: Conservatism

4.29 Edmund Burke—Society, Reverence, and the "True Natural Aristocracy"

4.30 Joseph de Maistre—Conservatism as Reaction

4.31 Michael Oakeshott—On Being Conservative

4.32 Russell Kirk—Ten Conservative Principles

4.33 Ronald Reagan—Modern American Conservatism

4.34 Irving Kristol—The Neoconservative Persuasion

4.35 Max Boot and David Brooks---Conservatives Assess Trump

Part 5: Socialism and Communism: From More to Marx

5.36 Thomas More—Utopia

5.37 Robert Owen—Address to the Inhabitants of New Lanark

5.38 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels—The Communist Manifesto

5.39 Karl Marx—On the Materialist Conception of History

Part 6: Socialism and Communism After Marx

6.40 Eduard Bernstein—Evolutionary Socialism

6.41 V. I. Lenin—Revisionism, Imperialism, and Revolution

6.42 Leon Trotsky—The Permanent Revolution

6.43 Mao Zedong—On the People’s Democratic Dictatorship

6.44 Mikhail Bakunin—Anarcho-Communism vs. Marxism

6.45 Emma Goldman—Anarchism: What It Really Stands For

6.46 Eugene V. Debs—Speech to the Conference for Progressive Political Action

6.47 Bernie Sanders—On Democratic Socialism in the United States

Part 7: Fascism

7.48 Joseph-Arthur de Gobineau—Civilization and Race

7.49 Benito Mussolini—The Doctrine of Fascism

7.50 Alfredo Rocco—The Political Theory of Fascism

7.51 Adolf Hitler—Nation and Race

7.52 Robert Kagan—This is How Fascism Comes to America

Part 8: Liberation Ideologies and the Politics of Identity

8.53 Frederick Douglass—What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?

8.54 Cornel West—Race Matters

8.55 Erik Loomis---A New Chapter in the Black Liberation Movement

8.56 Black Lives Matter---A Vision for Black Lives: Demands for Black Power, Freedom & Justice

8.57 Mary Wollstonecraft—A Vindication of the Rights of Woman

8.58 Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions

8.59 Marilyn Frye—Oppression

8.60 bell hooks—Feminism Is for Everybody

8.61 Josephine Livingstone—The Task Ahead for Feminism

8.62 John Corvino—Homosexuality: The Nature and Harm Arguments

8.63 Vine Deloria, Jr.—On Liberation

8.64 Gustavo Gutierrez—Liberation Theology

8.65 Peter Singer—All Animals Are Equal

Part 9: "Green" Politics: Ecology as Ideology

9.66 Leslie Paul Thiele—Sustainability in the Age of Ecology

9.67 Wendell Berry—Getting Along with Nature

9.68 Val Plumwood—Feminism and the Mastery of Nature

9.69 James H. Cone—Whose Earth Is It, Anyway?

9.70 Pope Francis—Laudato Si’: On Care for our Common Home

Part 10: Radical Islamism

10.71 Sayyid Qutb—Signposts Along the Road

10.72 Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini—The Necessity for Islamic Government

10.73 Osama Bin Laden and Others—Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders

10.74 Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi (ISIS)—Declaration of a Caliphate