The Crusades

S.J. Allen is a medieval historian and an associate lecturer at The Open University. Emilie Amt is an emeritus professor of history at Hood College.

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Chapter One: Background and Origins

1. The Pilgrimage of Etheria
2. Augustine of Hippo on the Just War
3. The Qur’an
4. al-Baladhuri on Early Muslim Conquests
5. The Pact of Omar
6. Early Spiritual Privileges
7. Ibnu Hayyan on Warfare in Spain
8. The Song of Roland
9. Declaration of the Truce of God
10. Matthew of Edessa on the Seljuk Conquests
11. Pope Gregory VII: Letters to Matilda of Canossa and Other Christian Leaders – Planning Holy Wars

Chapter Two: The First Crusade

12. Urban II’s Call for a Crusade
13. Albert of Aachen on the Peasants’ Crusade
14. Solomon bar Samson on the Massacres of Jews
15. Anna Comnena’s Alexiad
16. The Deeds of the Franks
17. Letter of Stephen of Blois
18. Anselm of Ribemont on Events at Antioch
19. Ralph of Caen on Divisions among the Crusaders
20. Raymond of Aguilers on the Fall of Jerusalem
21. Letters from Jewish Leaders Seeking Help for Captives and Refugees
22. Letter of Pope Paschal on the Capture of Jerusalem
23. ‘Ali ibn Tahir al-Sulami’s The Book of the Jihad
24. Abu l-Muzaffar al-Abiwardi on the Fall of Jerusalem

Chapter Three: The Crusader States

25. Eastern and Western Views: Two Crusade-Era Maps
26. Coinage of the Crusader Period
27. William of Tyre’s History
28. Fulcher of Chartres’s History
29. Venetian Treaty
30. Documents of Queen Melisende of Jerusalem
31. Laws of the Kingdom of Jerusalem
32. The Travels of Saewulf
33. John of Würzburg’s Pilgrim Guide
34. The Travels of Ibn Jubayr
35. Memoirs of Usamah Ibn Munqidh
36. The Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela

Chapter Four: The Second and Third Crusades

37. Ibn al-Qalanisi on Zengi and Nur ad-Din
38. Ibn al-Athir on the Fall of Edessa
39. Letter of Bernard of Clairvaux
40. Bernard of Clairvaux: In Praise of the New Knighthood
41. The Rule of the Templars
42. Rabbi Ephraim of Bonn’s The Book of Remembrance
43. Odo of Deuil: The Journey of Louis VII to the East
44. Eleanor of Aquitaine and the Second Crusade
45. John Kinnamos: The Deeds of John and Manuel Comnenus
46. Analyses of the Second Crusade
47. Baha ad-Din’s Life of Saladin
48. Imad ad-Din on the Battle of Hattin
49. Roger of Wendover on the Fall of Jerusalem
50. Letters on the Fall of Jerusalem
51. Taxation and Regulations for the Third Crusade
52. Islamic Accounts of the Treatment of Prisoners
53. Accounts of the Third Crusade
54. Saladin and Richard I – Negotiations for Jerusalem

Chapter Five: The Culture and Logistics of Crusading

55. Gerald of Wales on Preaching a Crusade
56. Privileges and Indulgences
57. Personal Arrangements
58. Liturgy for Pilgrims and Crusaders
59. Hildegard of Bingen’s Advice to Philip Count of Flanders
60. Financial Accounts
61. Travel Information
62. Accounts of Crusader Homecomings
63. Thomas of Froidmont: The Adventures of Margaret of Beverly, a Woman Crusader
64. Accounts of Women in Warfare
65. Crusading Songs

Chapter Six: The Age of Innocent III

66. Letters of Innocent III
67. Accounts of the Fourth Crusade
68. Documents on the Sack of Constantinople
69. Bernard of Gui’s Manual for Inquisitors
70. Peter of Les Vaux-de-Cernay’s The History of the Albigensian Crusade
71. William of Tudela’s Song of the Cathar Wars
72. Accounts of the Children’s Crusade
73. Decrees of the Fourth Lateran Council
74. Oliver of Paderborn on the Fifth Crusade

Chapter Seven: Crusades of the Holy Roman Empire

75. Charter to German Settlers
76. Poem Describing Cistercian Settlement
77. Proclamations of Northern European Crusades
78. Helmold’s Chronicle of the Slavs
79. The Chronicle of Henry of Livonia
80. The Rule of the Teutonic Knights
81. Nikolaus von Jeroschin on the Prussian Crusades
82. Philip of Novara on Frederick II’s Crusade
83. Frederick II on His Taking of Jerusalem and Sibt ibn al-Jawzi’s Recording of the Event
84. Responses to Frederick II’s Crusade

Chapter Eight: Conflict and Coexistence in Spain

85. Chronicle of the Cid
86. The Conquest of Lisbon
87. Alfonso VIII’s Report on Las Navas de Tolosa
88. Muslim–Christian Treaty
89. Moorish Laws
90. Christian Laws
91. Constitutions of the Order of Merced
92. Expulsion of the Jews from Spain
93. Abu Abdilla Mohammed on the Expulsion of the Muslims

Chapter Nine: Crusades at the Crossroads

94. Joinville’s Life of St. Louis
95. Matthew Paris on the Shepherds’ Crusade
96. Ibn al-Athir on the Mongol Invasion
97. Ibn ‘Abd al-Zahir’s Biography of Baybars
98. Ludolph von Suchem on the Fall of Acre and Its Aftermath
99. Humbert of Romans on Criticisms of Crusading
100. Ramon Lull’s Plan to Convert the Muslims
101. Order for the Arrest of the Templars and Papal Bull Suppressing the Templars
102. John Mandeville on Prester John
103. Letters between Pope Innocent IV and Guyuk Khan
104. Johann Schiltberger on the Nicopolis Crusade
105. Kritovoulos on the Fall of Constantinople
106. Pius II’s Commentaries
107. Erasmus On the War against the Turks

Chapter Ten: Modern Perceptions of the Crusades

108. Thomas Fuller, The Historie of the Holy Warre
109. David Hume on the Crusades
110. Edward Gibbon’s Evaluation of the Crusades
111. William Wordsworth’s Ecclesiastical Sonnets
112. Michaud, History of the Crusades
113. William Hillary’s Call for a New Crusade
114. Sayyid ‘Ali Hariri’s Book of the Splendid Stories of the Crusades
115. World War I Political Cartoons
116. Sayyid Qutb’s Social Justice in Islam and Muhammad Asad’s Islam at the Crossroads
117. The Hamas Covenant
118. Pope John Paul II’s Statements about Past Christian Actions
119. Crusading Rhetoric after 9/11
120. Modern Use of Images of Saladin
121. Umej Bhatia’s Analysis of the Crusades and Modern Muslim Memory
122. Crusades and the Far Right

Sources
Index of Topics