The Development of Anglican Moral Theology, 1680–1950

Paul Avis is the author of many books on the Anglican tradition, ecclesiology, ecumenical theology and systematic-philosophical theology. He has served as the General Secretary of the Church of England's Council for Christian Unity (1998-2011), Theological Consultant to the Anglican Communion Office, London (2011-12), Canon Theologian of Exeter Cathedral (2008-13), honorary professor in the Department of Theology and Religion of the University of Exeter (2008 – 15) and is currently a Chaplain to HM Queen Elizabeth II. He is Editor-in-Chief of Brill's journal Ecclesiology.

Contents


Acknowledgments





Introduction





Part 1: 1680–1830


1 The Changing Interpretation of English Religion, 1680–1750


 1 Introduction: The Shape of the First Two Chapters


 2 J. C. D. Clark and the Rethinking of English Politics after 1688


 3 Religion in English Society after 1688


 4 Religion in the Early Enlightenment


 5 Conclusion





2 Theology and the English Enlightenment, 1660–1720


 1 The End of the Reformation in Europe, and the Challenge to Christian Orthodoxy


 2 Revelation and Scripture in the Early Enlightenment


 3 Reason in the Early Enlightenment


 4 Thomas Hobbes


 5 John Locke and Empiricism


 6 The End of the Seventeenth Century in England: Cambridge Platonism and the Latitudinarians


 7 Shaftesbury and the Moral Sense School


 8 The Challenge of Shaftesbury to Orthodox Christianity





3 Joseph Butler’s Rolls Sermons


 1 Butler’s Early Life and Education


 2 Butler and Samuel Clarke


 3 Butler’s Later Life, 1721–1752


 4 Butler’s Refutation of Hobbes


 5 Butler on Shaftesbury and Hutcheson


 6 Butler’s Critique of Locke: Religious Affections


 7 Butler’s Critique of Locke: Personal Identity


 8 Butler on ‘Superior Principles’


 9 Butler on Benevolence


 10 Butler on Self-Love


 11 Butler on Conscience


 12 Butler on Self-Deceit


 13 The Significance of Butler





4 William Law


 1 Introduction


 2 Law’s Life


 3 Law as a Non-Juror


 4 Law as Controversialist: Hoadly


 5 Law as Controversialist: Mandeville


 6 A Serious Call: Vocation


 7 A Serious Call: Asceticism


 8 A Serious Call: Literary Style


 9 A Serious Call: Celibacy and Virginity


 10 A Serious Call: An Ecclesial Ethic


 11 A Serious Call: The Place of Reason


 12 A Serious Call: Sanctification


 13 Conclusion





5 Anglican Moral Theology, 1730–1800: Gay, Tucker, Paley and Wesley


 1 Introduction


 2 The Mid-Eighteenth Century and the Influence of Locke


 3 John Gay and Theological Utilitarianism


 4 Edmund Law and Richard Watson on Moral Teaching and Conscience


 5 William Paley and Later Theological Utilitarianism


 6 The Demise of Theological Utilitarianism


 7 John Wesley: Context and Life


 8 Wesley and Sanctification


 9 Wesley and Butler


 10 Wesley and Enthusiasm


 11 Wesley on Emotion in Moral Judgement


 12 Conclusion





6 Coleridge


 1 Introduction


 2 The Re-evaluation of Coleridge


 3 Coleridge’s Life


 4 Coleridge on Paley and Jeremy Taylor


 5 Coleridge’s Reading of Neoplatonism


 6 Coleridge and Kant


 7 Coleridge and Aids to Reflection


 8 Coleridge’s Legacy


 9 Conclusion





Conclusion to Part 1





Part 2: 1830–1950


7 John Henry Newman


 1 Introduction: The Changing Historiography on Newman


 2 The Anglican Newman


 3 Newman’s Life


 4 The Break with Evangelicalism


 5 Newman on Humility


 6 The Parochial Sermons


 7 The University Sermons


 8 Newman on Moral Character


 9 Newman on Conscience


 10 Newman on Personal Influence and Justice


 11 Newman on Personal Responsibility


 12 The Influence of Anglican Theologians: The Carolines


 13 The Influence of Anglican Theologians: Butler


 14 The Influence of Anglican Theologians: Coleridge


 15 Conclusion





8 Frederick Denison Maurice


 1 Introduction


 2 Maurice’s Life


 3 Moral Philosophy at Cambridge


 4 Coleridge’s Influence on Maurice


 5 Maurice’s Theological Anthropology


 6 Maurice on Conscience


 7 Biblical Theology and Christian Ethics


 8 Criticisms of Maurice’s Theology


 9 Maurice’s Contribution to Anglican Moral Theology





9 The Lux Mundi School


 1 Introduction


 2 The Influence of John Stuart Mill and Utilitarianism


 3 The Lux Mundi Theologians: Charles Gore, Henry Scott Holland and R. C. Moberly


 4 Philosophical Idealism at Oxford


 5 Green’s Moral Philosophy


 6 Bradley on Self-Realization


 7 Donald MacKinnon on the British Idealists


 8 Gore on Christ’s Moral Character


 9 Gore on Social Morality


 10 Holland on Faith and Moral Will


 11 Holland on Christian Moral Character


 12 Moberly on Self-Realization


 13 Inge’s Response to Moberly’s Idealism


 14 Moberly on Penitence and Beauty


 15 Conclusion





10 William Temple’s Christian Ethics


 1 Introduction


 2 Temple’s Life


 3 Edward Caird and William Temple


 4 The Faith and Modern Thought


 5 The Nature of Personality


 6 Mens Creatrix


 7 Christus Veritas


 8 Nature, Man and God


 9 Reviews of Nature, Man and God


 10 Temple’s Later Theology in the 1930s


 11 Temple’s Aquinas Lecture, 1943


 12 Temple’s Significance





11 Kenneth Kirk: History and Casuistry


 1 Introduction


 2 The Revival of Thomism and the First World War


 3 Kirk’s Life


 4 Casuistry and Conscience


 5 How the Church Can Change Its Mind


 6 Lambeth Conference, 1930


 7 The Vision of God


 8 Contemporary Anglican Moral Theologians on Kirk


 9 Conclusion





Conclusion: Anglican Moral Theology 1680–1950


Bibliography


Index