Multilingual Families in a Digital Age

Kristin Vold Lexander, PhD, is a researcher at Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, and a former postdoctoral fellow at MultiLing Center for Multilingualism in Society Across the Lifespan, University of Oslo. She has worked on digital interaction in Senegalese contexts since 2005 and has published a range of articles and book chapters on the subject. Jannis Androutsopoulos, Dr. Phil., is Professor of German and Media Linguistics at Universität Hamburg, Germany, and from 2016 to 2023 was a research professor at MultiLing, University of Oslo. His research interests include the sociolinguistics of mediated communication and multilingualism online. He is editor of Polymedia in Interaction, Special Issue of Pragmatics and Society 12:5 (2021), and Digital language practices: media, awareness, pedagogy, Special Issue of Linguistics and Education 62 (2021).

List of tables, images, and figures

Preface

Acknowledgments

1 Introduction: Doing family and language in a digital age

1.1 A day in the digital life of a young multilingual family member

1.2 Theoretical dimensions: Family multilingualism, digital interaction, and polymedia

1.3 Fieldwork for this book

1.4 Outline of the book

2 Multilingual families online: Repertoires and practices

2.1 Multilingual practices

2.1.1 Practice approaches to multilingualism

2.1.2 Repertoires and registers

2.2 Family multilingualism

2.2.1 Family language policy and practice

2.2.2 Heritage language practices and heritage language socialisation

2.2.3 The discursive construction of the multilingual family space

2.2.4 A ‘digital turn’ in FLP literature

2.3 Multilingualism online

2.3.1 Code-switching approaches

2.3.2 Networked multilingualism and digital translanguaging

2.3.3 Affordances for mediated interaction in the digital ecology

2.4 Transnational families and digitally mediated communication

2.4.1 ‘Doing family’ transnationally

2.4.2 Digital co-presence in transnational families

2.2.3 Polymedia: An ecology of media choices

2.2.4 Language and media in family-making practices

2.5 Conclusion: Towards the study of mediational repertoires

3 Media and language use in multilingual families: An ethnographic study in Norway

3.1 Sociolinguistic research with Senegalese migrants in Norway

3.1.1 Language and society in Senegal

3.1.2 Language and immigration in Norway

3.1.3 Senegalese immigrants in Norway

3.2 Presentation of participants

3.2.1 The Diagne family

3.2.2 The Bâ family

3.2.3 The Sagna family

3.2.4 The Coly family

3.3 The families’ linguistic repertoires

3.3.1 Wolof

3.3.2 Joola

3.3.3 Peul

3.3.4 French

3.3.5 Arabic

3.3.6 English

3.3.7 Norwegian

4 Visualising languages, modalities, and media: From language portraits to mediagrams

4.1 Visualizing repertoires

4.1.1 Language portraits and network graphs

4.1.2 Media maps

4.1.3 Mediagrams

4.2 Data collection

4.3 Developing mediagrams

4.4 Data analysis

4.5 Ethical considerations and other challenges

5 Analyzing mediagrams: Mediational choices in polymedia environments

5.1 Pleasure and pressure: Balancing co-presence

5.2 Multilingualism and multimodality: Managing a network of generations

5.3 Media, language, and connectedness: A comparison of three fathers

5.4 Media choices

5.5 Conclusions

6 ‘Doing family’ online: Translocality, connectivity, and affection

6.1 Language, power, morality, and solidarity in the family

6.2 Translocal connectivities

6.2.1 Mediated interaction in the household: Coordinating family issues

6.2.2 Translocal household interaction: Making decisions and sharing

6.2.3 Transnational family-making: Power, solidarity, and teasing

6.3 Multilingual expressions of affection

6.3.1 Wife and husband

6.3.2 Parents and children

6.3.3 Extended family and beyond

6.4 Conclusions

7 Transnational families, diaspora practices, and digital polycentricity

7.1 Diaspora and digital diaspora

7.2 Digital diaspora and polycentricity

7.3 Polycentric participation: A kaleidoscope of practices

7.3.1 Digital spaces of diasporic sociality

7.3.2 The Senegalese public sphere

7.3.3 Religious discourse

7.3.4 Beyond diaspora: Traces of Norway and global pop culture

7.4 Conclusions

8 Heritage language repertoires

8.1 Parents’ ideologies of linguistic heritage

8.2 Heritage language repertoires in time and space

8.3 Children’s transnational heritage language practices

8.3.1 Heritage repertoires by interlocutors

8.3.2 Heritage language registers

8.3.3 Learning Wolof through online interaction

8.4 Conclusions: Heritage languages and mediational repertoires

9 Conclusions

9.1 Multi-sited ethnography: Studying mediational repertoires

9.2 Transnational connectivity and family multilingualism

9.3 A digital perspective on heritage language repertoires

References

Index