Advances in Social and Occupational Ergonomics (eBook)

Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics 2019 6
Preface 8
Contents 11
The Present and Future of Macroergonomic Systems 18
Gamifying Onboarding: How to Increase Both Engagement and Integration of New Employees 19
Abstract 19
1 Introduction 19
2 State of the Art 20
2.1 Gamification in Work Contexts 20
2.2 Gamification in Human Resources (HR) 21
2.3 “Big Five” Personality Traits 21
3 Implementation 21
4 Study 24
5 Results 25
5.1 The Rating Statements 25
5.2 The “Big Five” Personality Test 26
5.3 Qualitative Findings 28
6 Conclusion 28
Acknowledgements 29
References 29
The Role of Building Construction Project Planning in Accommodating Ergonomic Considerations of the Aging Workforce 31
Abstract 31
1 Introduction 31
2 Craft Labor Shortage 32
3 Aging Workforce 33
4 Why Workers Leave 34
5 Needs of Older Construction Workers 36
6 Human Factors and Ergonomics 37
7 Sensory and Cognitive Considerations 38
8 Older Workers’ Exposure to Extreme Conditions 40
9 Training for Older Workers 40
10 Conclusion and Recommendations 41
References 41
Ergo?+?50: Ergonomic Assessment Methodology Aimed at Older Workers 43
Abstract 43
1 Introduction 43
1.1 The Ageing Workforce 43
1.2 The Ergonomics Perspective on Ageing 45
2 Results. The Ergo+50 Methodology 47
2.1 Working Conditions Questionnaire 48
2.2 Self-Evaluation of Older Workers’ Abilities 49
2.3 Joint Results 50
3 Conclusions and Further Work 51
References 51
Social Design, Innovation and Ergonomics: Reflections on Education, Transdisciplinarity and New Blurred Models for Sustainable Social Change 53
Abstract 53
1 Introduction 54
2 Finding Common Grounds and Crossed Roads 54
2.1 Social Design, Social Art and Social Ergonomics 54
2.2 Social Innovation: Making the Web 55
3 Stimulating Creativity and Social Innovation by Cross-Fertilization of Knowledge 56
3.1 Overcoming the Spiral Model: Social Innovation as a Systemic, Open and Context Dependent Phenomenon 57
3.2 Transdisciplinary Approaches, Blurring Boundaries and Multidimensional Complexity 58
3.3 Collaborative Practices, Networks and Social Learning 59
4 Going Complex: New a Pool of Memes, Creative Combinations and Cluster of Innovations 59
4.1 Toward a Sustainable Social Change? 59
4.2 Strategic Spaces, Partnerships, and New Social Dynamics 60
4.3 Share Spaces, Innovation Hubs, Participatory Actions and Platforms 61
5 Systemic Innovations and Strategic Actions for Social Resilience and Wellbeing 62
References 62
Well-Being Through Design for Dynamic Diversity: The Voice of Minorities in Design for All 65
Abstract 65
1 Introduction 65
2 Well-Being as an Immeasurable Goal of Ergonomic Design 66
3 Idea of Design for Dynamic Diversity 67
4 Control Categories in Dynamic Diversity for Well-Being 69
5 Conclusions 71
References 71
Towards an Expert System for Assigning Optimal Workplaces to Workers with Disabilities 73
Abstract 73
1 Introduction 73
2 Methods 75
2.1 Module for Classification of Disabilities 75
2.2 Database of Workers with Disabilities 76
2.3 Database of Workplaces with Restrictions 77
2.4 Module for Assigning the Most Suitable Workplace 77
2.5 Statistics Module 78
3 Results and Discussion 80
4 Conclusion 81
Acknowledgments 82
References 82
Social Design, Innovation and Ergonomics 83
Social Art – “Echoes of Machim” 84
Abstract 84
1 Introduction 84
2 Echoes of Machim 85
3 The Emergence of Artistic Practices Which Aim to Change Society for the Better 88
4 Final Considerations - Ex-Machina 91
Acknowledgments 93
References 93
Threshold Concepts and Design for Social Change 95
Abstract 95
1 Introduction 95
2 Design for Social Change as an Instructional Endeavour 96
3 Threshold Concepts 98
4 Data Collection and Analysis 99
5 Conclusion 103
References 103
Sustainable Collaborative Design Practices: Circular Economy and the New Context for a Fashion Designer 105
Abstract 105
1 Our Context 105
2 The Esne Go-Circular Project 106
3 The Present Situation of the Fashion Sector 107
4 The Need for a Circular Economy 110
5 Education’s Role in the Learning by Doing Project 111
6 A New Context for the Fashion Business 112
7 In Conclusion: Our Brief 115
References 116
Cultural Heritage, Collaborative Practices and Sustainable Fabric Design: Ottoman Sultans’ Life Stories on Jacquard Design 117
Abstract 117
1 Introduction 117
2 The Life of Mehmed the Conqueror 119
3 Jacquard Designs Inspired by the Themes 121
4 Conclusion 126
References 127
The Common-Sense Assessment of Sustainability 129
Abstract 129
1 Introduction 129
2 Eco/Sustainable Products 132
2.1 Types of Products 132
2.2 Type A: Silent Products 132
2.3 Type B: Naturally Sustainable 132
2.4 Type C: Eco/Sustainable Products 132
2.5 Type D: Sustainability Influencers 133
3 Sustainability Communication in Products 133
4 Consumer Perceptions 134
4.1 Method to Assess Consumer’s Perception of Sustainability in Products 135
5 Findings/Analysis 136
5.1 General Knowledge in the Field 136
5.2 Sustainability Attitudes and Practices 136
5.3 Influence of Ecological and Sustainability Factors in the Acquisition of Products 137
5.4 Influence of Labels and Environmental Certification in Purchasing Decision and Related Trust in the Allegations 137
5.5 Knowledge About Labels 137
5.6 Perception of the Sustainability Profile of Products 138
6 Conclusions 138
7 Further Research 139
References 139
Collaborative Practices Through Design and Engineering: The Phases of a Pilot Project to Improve the Human Condition of Vulnerable Communities 141
Abstract 141
1 Research Worldview 141
2 Collaborative Practices and Social Intervention 143
3 Case Study: Thermal Stability - Homelessness (Lisbon) 144
4 The Concept - PCM Mattress 146
5 PCM Mattress Prototype 147
6 External Decision Making and Implementation Strategy 148
7 Future Steps 148
References 149
Sustainable Human Environment: Mouraria, Local Color and Sense of Place of a Historical Lisbon Neighbourhood 150
Abstract 150
1 Introduction 150
2 Theory 151
2.1 On Local Color 151
2.2 On Co-design 151
2.3 On Identity 152
3 Method 152
3.1 Mapping Local Color 152
3.2 Community Mapping 154
4 Conclusion 154
Acknowledgments. 154
References 154
Developing Portable Clean Cart with Broom and Dustpan for Street Sweepers Needs 156
Abstract 156
1 Introduction 156
2 Method 159
2.1 Nonparticipant Observation Method 159
2.2 Unstructured Interview 160
3 Design Process 161
3.1 Brainstorming and KJ Method 161
3.2 Experience and Sketches 162
3.3 Prototype 163
4 Result 163
4.1 Clean Cart System 164
5 Conclusion 167
References 167
Macroergonomic Systems Design and Improvement 168
The Reporting System as a Feedback Tool to Improve the Process of Entering Data to the IT System 169
Abstract 169
1 Introduction 169
2 Main Directions of Organizational Improvement 170
3 Communication as a Process 171
4 Entering New Data into the IT System 172
5 Feedback 174
6 Essence of the Reporting System 174
7 The Reporting System as a Feedback 175
8 Conclusions 177
References 177
The Conditioning of Macroergonomic Design and Improvement of the Intelligent Building’s Use and Service 179
Abstract 179
1 Introduction 179
2 Macroergonomic System of Intelligent Buildings 180
3 Smart Building Center 181
4 Design, Exploitation and Improvement in Intelligent Building’s Management 182
5 Conclusion and Acknowledgement 184
Acknowledgement 185
References 185
The Macroergonomic Improvement of Total Quality Management Industrial Systems 187
Abstract 187
1 Introduction 187
2 Research Methodology 188
3 Results of Research 189
4 Conceptual Model of Undertakings Aiming at Macroergonomic Improvement of TQM Industrial Systems 193
References 196
The Ergonomics of Work Conditions as Force Element of the OHS Management 198
Abstract 198
1 Introduction 198
2 Occupational Health and Safety Management 199
2.1 Nature of Systemic Occupational Health and Safety Management 199
2.2 Systemic Occupational Health and Safety Management Requirements 200
3 Ergonomics for Systemic Occupational Safety Management 202
3.1 Role of Ergonomic Standards Incorporated into the Systemic Management Framework 202
3.2 Measures to Be Taken When Incorporating Ergonomic Standards into Systemic Requirements 203
4 The Impact of Ergonomic Requirements of Working Conditions on the Force of Systemic Safety Management 204
5 Summary 206
References 207
The Improvement of Women Professional Entrepreneurial Attitude in a Context of Social Expectations 209
Abstract 209
1 Introduction 209
2 The Concept of Entrepreneurship 209
3 Outline of the Economic Situation in Poland and Europe 210
4 Female Entrepreneurship in the Context of the Economic Situation in Poland and Europe 211
5 Women’s Professional Entrepreneurship in the Context of the Need for Flexible Organization of Working Time 213
6 Women’s Entrepreneurship - Economic Potential 215
7 Shaping Entrepreneurial Attitudes Among Young Women. The Results of Own Research 216
8 Conclusion 218
References 219
Monitoring Personnel Presence and Displacement in Production Facilities Using RFID Technology 220
Abstract 220
1 Introduction 220
2 Technical Architecture of the Monitoring System 221
3 Reliability Testing of System Structure Elements 222
4 Business Process Management Software 223
5 Detection and Interpretation of Ambiguities 224
6 Software Tests 225
7 Conclusions 226
References 226
Evaluation, Optimization and Job Design 228
Effectiveness in Prosthetic Adaptation and Users’ Satisfaction: Comparison Between Different Technologies 229
Abstract 229
1 Introduction 229
2 Materials and Methods 231
3 Results 233
4 Conclusions 238
References 239
Handheld Grass Cutter Machine with Supporting Wheel 240
Abstract 240
1 Introduction 240
2 Literature Review 241
3 Methodology 243
3.1 Participants 243
3.2 Equipment 243
3.2.1 Handheld Grass Cutter 243
3.2.2 Modified Design 243
3.2.3 Subjective Measures 244
3.3 Experimental Design 244
3.3.1 Independent Variables 244
3.3.2 Dependent Variables 244
3.4 Experimental Task 244
3.5 Experiment Procedure 244
4 Results 244
4.1 Discomfort Survey 244
4.2 Borg Category Ratio for Exertion Ratings 245
5 Discussion 246
6 Conclusion 246
References 247
Ergonomic Evaluation in the Ecuadorian Workplace 248
Abstract 248
1 Introduction 248
2 Materials and Methods 249
3 Results 252
4 Conclusions 255
References 256
Ergonomics Study in the Productive Process in Civil Construction in the External Plastering Activity 257
Abstract 257
1 Introduction 257
2 Literature Review 258
2.1 Ergonomics in the Context of Construction 258
2.2 Method of Analysis of the Ergonomic Risk Factor 259
2.3 General Criteria of the OCRA Checklist Method 259
3 Methodology 260
4 Analysis of Results 261
4.1 Identification of Ergonomic Demand 261
4.2 Ergonomic Risk 263
5 Final Considerations 266
References 266
The Ergonomics of Sorting Recyclable Materials: A Case Study of a Brazilian Cooperative 268
Abstract 268
1 Introduction 268
2 Solidarity Economy 269
3 Evaluation of the Work Station 270
4 Methods and Techniques 271
5 Results 273
5.1 Environmental Parameters 273
5.2 Activity Analysis 273
5.3 Time Requirement and Content 275
5.4 Diagnosis 276
6 Conclusion 276
References 277
Quality of Labor Life in Workers of the Informal Economy in Guadalajara, Mexico 278
Abstract 278
1 Introduction 278
2 Aim 284
3 Methodology 284
4 Results 284
5 Discussion 286
6 Conclusions 287
References 287
Social and Occupational Factors of Comfort, Risk Assessment and Pain 289
Reducing the Risk of Falls by 78% with a New Generation of Slip Resistant Winter Footwear 290
Abstract 290
1 Introduction 290
2 Methodology 291
3 Results 292
3.1 Exposure to Icy Surfaces 292
3.2 Number of Slips-and-Falls Incidents 292
3.3 Slips and Falls Rate Based on Exposure to Icy Surfaces 294
4 Discussion 295
5 Conclusion 295
References 296
Risk Factors Identification for Metal Washing Process Based on QOC Matrix the Workers’ Voice and Ergonomic Mapping 297
Abstract 297
1 Introduction 297
2 Methods and Tools 299
2.1 QOC Matrix the Workers’ Voice 299
2.2 Ergonomic Mapping 299
3 Case Study 299
4 Methodology 300
5 Results and Discussions 300
5.1 Define the Non-ergonomic Parameters Inside Work Areas 300
5.2 Categorise the Risk Factors in an Ergonomic Risk Map and Develop a Diagnosis 301
5.3 Improve the Work Area to Abate Non-ergonomic Parameters 302
6 Conclusions 303
Acknowledgments 304
References 304
Ergonomics During the Construction of the Stations and the Drilling of the Tunnel in the Metro of the City of Quito 305
Abstract 305
1 Introduction 305
2 Materials and Methods 306
3 Results 308
4 Conclusions 311
References 312
Comparisons of Three Observational Ergonomic Tools for Risk Assessment on Upper Extremities in a Pump Assembly Plant – A Pilot Study 313
Abstract 313
1 Introduction 313
2 Methods 314
2.1 Study Tasks 314
2.2 Raters 314
2.3 Exposure Assessment 315
2.4 Data Analysis 316
3 Results 316
3.1 Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) 316
3.2 Pearson’s Correlation 316
3.3 Weighted-Kappa Coefficient 317
4 Discussion 317
5 Conclusion 318
Acknowledgements 318
References 318
The Impact of Work Environment in Concurrence to Productivity in Higher Institutions 320
Abstract 320
1 Introduction 321
2 Concept of Work Environment 322
2.1 External Environment Physical 322
2.2 Funding 323
2.3 Internal Environment 324
2.4 Psychosocial Environment Leadership Style 325
3 Methodology 327
4 Findings and Discussions Demographic Profile of Respondents 327
4.1 Testing of the Hypotheses 328
5 Conclusion and Recommendation 329
References 330
Sports, Injury Prevention and Outdoor Recreation 332
Thermal Performance of Equestrian Helmets 333
Abstract 333
1 Introduction 333
2 Methods and Materials 334
2.1 Helmet Models 334
2.2 Test Setup 335
3 Results and Discussion 337
3.1 Global Convective Heat Loss 337
3.2 Zonal Convective Heat Loss 338
3.2.1 Closed Helmet 338
3.2.2 Open Helmet 338
3.2.3 Custom Helmet 338
4 Conclusion 339
References 340
The Importance of Baselining Division 1 Football Athlete Jumping Movements for Performance, Injury Mitigation, and Return to Play 342
Abstract 342
1 Introduction 342
2 Methods 344
2.1 Participants 345
2.2 Procedure 345
2.3 Equipment 346
3 Descriptive Summary 347
4 Baselining Profile 348
5 Conclusions 352
References 353
Synergistic Effect on the Characteristics of the Seductive Appearance 355
Abstract 355
1 Introduction 355
2 Experiments 356
3 Results 358
4 Conclusion 362
Reference 362
Effective Measures for Minimizing Playing-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Tertiary Education Student Pianist in Malaysia 363
Abstract 363
1 Introduction 363
2 Methodology 364
3 Results 364
4 Discussion 366
References 366
The Effects of University Students’ Physical Activity Experience on Communication Skills and Anxiety 368
Abstract 368
1 Introduction 369
2 Methods 369
2.1 Subject 369
2.2 Measures 370
2.3 Analysis Procedure 370
3 Results 370
3.1 Results of the t-Test by Gender 370
3.2 Results of the Correlation Analysis on Communication Skills and State-Trait Anxiety 370
3.3 Results of the Kruskal-Wallis by Three School Period 371
3.4 Results of Extracurricular Sports Activities from Elementary School to High School 372
3.5 Results of Sports Activities During Three School Periods: Elementary, JHS, and HS 373
3.5.1 In Case of Elementary School 373
3.5.2 In Case of Junior High School 373
3.5.3 In Case of Junior High School 373
4 Discussions and Conclusions 375
References 376
Stress, Mental Factors and Musculoskeletal Disorders 377
The Development of a Comprehensive List of Risk Factors for Hip Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders: Delphi Survey 378
Abstract 378
1 Introduction 378
2 Methods 379
2.1 Delphi Survey 379
2.2 Participants 380
2.3 Data Analysis 381
3 Results 381
4 Discussion and Conclusions 384
Acknowledgments 385
References 385
Ergonomic Risk Assessment of Sea Fisherman Part III: Manual Handling and Static Posture 388
Abstract 388
1 Introduction 388
2 Materials and Methods 389
3 Results 390
3.1 Strenght Percent Capable (SPC) 390
3.1.1 Task of Sorting 390
3.1.2 Task of Cleaning 391
3.1.3 Task of Handling in the Cold Store 392
3.1.4 Task of Unloading on the Dock 393
3.2 Orthogonal Forces (OrtF) – Shear Forces (ShF) 396
3.2.1 Task of Sorting 396
3.2.2 Task of Cleaning 397
3.2.3 Task of Handling in the Cold Store 397
3.2.4 Task of Unloading on the Dock 398
4 Conclusion 399
Acknowledgement 400
References 400
Psychosocial Risk Management and Psychological Attachment: Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction 402
Abstract 402
1 Introduction 402
2 Methodology 405
3 Correlation Analysis 406
4 Discussion 408
References 409
Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Impact on Low Back Pain Among Nurses in a Thai Public Hospital 412
Abstract 412
1 Introduction 413
2 Method 413
3 Result 414
3.1 Occupational Characteristics 414
3.2 Presence of Low Back Pain 416
3.3 Factors Associated with Low Back Pain Among Nurses 417
3.4 The Posture of Non-experienced and Experienced Low Back Pain Participant During Working 420
3.5 Low Back Pain Management 420
3.6 Level of Knowledge About Low Back Pain and Risk Factors 420
4 Discussion 421
5 Conclusion 422
Acknowledgment 422
References 422
Mobbing in Service Companies in Colombia. A Silent Enemy 424
Abstract 424
1 Introduction 424
2 Material and Methods 425
3 Results 428
4 Conclusions 431
References 432
Changes and Differences in Mental Status of Nurses: Using Mind Monitoring System by Voice 433
Abstract 433
1 Introduction 433
2 Methods 434
3 Results 435
3.1 Comparison of Mental Status Before/After Work 437
3.2 Comparison of Mental Status Before/After Nightshifts 437
3.3 Comparison of Mental Status Before/After Holiday Shifts 437
4 Discussion 437
5 Future Research 437
References 438
Neck and Shoulder Muscle Fatigue in High Performance Aircrafts Pilots: Effects of a Training Program (Part 2) 439
Abstract 439
1 Introduction 440
2 Materials and Methods 441
2.1 Subjects 441
2.2 Instrumental Evaluation 441
2.3 Experimental Procedure 442
2.4 Baseline (at Rest) 442
2.5 Fatigue Condition 443
2.6 Data Analysis 443
3 Results 444
4 Discussion 446
5 Conclusion 447
Acknowledgements 448
Appendix 448
References 449
Comparative Analysis of the Assessment Methods of the Rehabilitative-Prosthetic Path of the Patient with Lower Limb Prosthesis 452
Abstract 452
1 Introduction 453
References 464
Social and Occupational Ergonomics: Applications 467
Analysis of the Short-Term Absences of Poultry Slaughterhouse Workers in Brazil 468
Abstract 468
1 Introduction 468
2 Method 469
2.1 Study Design and Data Collection 469
2.2 Population 470
2.3 Variables Analyzed 470
2.4 Statistical Analysis 471
3 Results 471
4 Discussion 475
5 Conclusion 477
References 478
The Prediction Models of the Maximum Power Grip Strength and Pinch Strength in Taiwan Manufacturing Workers 480
Abstract 480
1 Introduction 480
2 Materials and Methods 481
2.1 Study Participants 481
2.2 Instrument 482
2.3 Testing Procedure 482
2.4 Data Analysis 482
3 Results 482
4 Discussion 484
5 Conclusions 485
Acknowledgements 485
References 485
Path Analysis of the Antecedents and Occupational Stress Among the Managers of the Textile Industries: A Cross-Sectional Study from Pakistan Using PLS-SEM 487
Abstract 487
1 Introduction 487
2 Literature Review 488
3 Methods and Materials 489
3.1 Participants of the Study 489
3.2 Survey 489
3.3 Instrument 490
3.4 Statistical Procedures 490
4 Results and Discussion 490
4.1 Exploratory Factor Analysis 490
4.2 Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) 491
5 Conclusion and Recommendations 495
Acknowledgments 496
References 496
Inclusion of the Informal Sector Pension: The New Pensions Act 498
Abstract 498
1 Introduction 498
1.1 Problem Statement 499
1.2 Objectives 502
2 Methodology and Ethical Considerations 502
3 Results and Discussions 503
4 Conclusion 507
References 508
Construction Ergonomics: Temporary Works’ Manufacturers’ Perceptions and Practices 510
Abstract 510
1 Introduction 510
2 Review of the Literature 511
2.1 Health and Safety Legislation and Recommendations Pertaining to Designers 511
3 Research 512
4 Conclusions 516
5 Recommendations 517
References 517
Case Study of Science Communication in Ergonomics: Introduction of ErgonomicThon Workshop 518
Abstract 518
1 Introduction 518
2 Methods 519
3 Results 520
3.1 Approaches to Learning Traits 520
3.2 Results of Questionnaire Survey 520
4 Discussion 522
Acknowledgments 522
References 522
Safety Training and Occupational Accidents 523
A Hazard Analysis of a Gas-Fired GMH8 Goodman Furnace 524
Abstract 524
1 Introduction 524
2 Accident History 526
3 Preliminary Hazard Analysis 529
4 Fault Tree Analysis 529
5 Failure Modes and Effects Analysis 532
6 Conclusions 532
Hazard Analysis of a Handheld Angle Grinder 533
Abstract 533
1 Introduction 533
2 Safety Precautions Included in the Manual 534
3 Discussion of Accident History 536
4 Safety Analyses 537
4.1 Preliminary Hazard Analysis 537
4.2 Fault Tree Analysis 538
References 540
Safety Training and Occupational Accidents – Is There a Link? 541
Abstract 541
1 Introduction 541
2 Methodology 542
3 Systematic Literature Review 542
4 Descriptive Analysis 543
5 Findings and Discussion 545
6 Conclusions 547
Acknowledgments 547
References 548
Evaluation Method for Safety Management Characteristic of Medical Workers 549
Abstract 549
1 Introduction 549
2 Issues 550
3 Methods 552
4 Conclusion 553
References 553
Study on Exit Strategy to Promote Introduction of New Technology to Safety Management Activities 554
Abstract 554
1 Introduction 554
2 Issues 554
3 Methods 555
4 Result of Analysis 556
5 Deliverables (Guidelines) 558
References 562
Cross-Cultural Decision Making 563
Cross-Cultural Difference of Free Agency (FA) System Between MLB and NPB (Nippon Professional Baseball) 564
Abstract 564
1 Introduction 564
2 FA System in MLB and NPB 565
2.1 Principle in Professional Sports League 565
2.2 FA in MLB 566
2.3 FA in NPB 566
2.4 Failure of FA in Both MLB and NPB-Reason Why Both Leagues Fail in FA (Cognitive Biases in Prediction of the Future) 569
3 Discussion on Cross-Cultural Difference Between MLB and NPB 570
3.1 Difference of Mindset Between Two Leagues 570
3.2 Difference of Authority Between Two Countries 571
3.3 Cognitive Biases that Lead to Cross-Cultural Difference Between MLB and NPB 571
3.4 How FA Should Be in the Future 572
4 Conclusions 573
References 573
Language and Cultural Learning in a Short-Term Study Abroad: An Investigation of Japanese Sojourners in Canada 575
Abstract 575
1 Introduction: Situating This Short-Term Study Abroad (SA) Research 575
2 Method 576
2.1 Research Purpose 576
2.2 Research Questions 576
2.3 Participants’ Homestay and English Instruction 576
2.4 Measurement Instruments Used 577
3 Results 577
3.1 L2 Proficiency Outcomes 577
3.2 L2 WTC Outcomes 578
3.3 L2 Motivation Outcomes 578
3.4 L2 Anxiety Outcomes 579
4 Conclusion and Future Investigation 579
Acknowledgments 579
References 580
English Education for Young Learners in China and Europe 581
Abstract 581
1 Introduction 581
2 Effectiveness and Efficiency in Young Learner Education 582
3 The Role of Teachers in English Education 585
4 Culture-Influenced English Education 586
5 Conclusion 588
Acknowledgments 588
References 589
Employee Satisfaction, Task Performance, and Emotional Labor: An Empirical Examination 590
Abstract 590
1 Introduction 590
2 Emotion Work, Task Performance, Job Satisfaction, and Role Theory 591
2.1 Emotion Work 591
2.2 Emotional Strategies 592
2.3 Task Performance 592
2.4 Job Satisfaction 592
2.5 Role Theory 592
3 Hypotheses 593
4 Method 594
5 Results 594
6 Discussion and Implication 598
References 599
Sensitivity Analysis of Intercultural Relationship Based on DMIS Model 601
Abstract 601
1 Introduction 601
2 Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity 603
2.1 Stage of Ethnocentrism 603
2.2 National Relativism Stage 603
3 Research Methods 604
3.1 Analysis of Group Cross-Cultural Sensitivity Based on Voronoi Diagram Theory 604
3.2 Construction Method of Two-Dimensional Voronoi Diagram Model 605
3.3 Cross-Cultural Sensitivity Simulation Analysis Based on Voronoi Diagram Theory 607
4 Conclusion 610
Acknowledgments. 611
References 611
Cross-Cultural Analysis of Top Page Design Among Brazilian, Chinese, Japanese and United States Web Sites 612
Abstract 612
1 Introduction 612
2 Method 613
2.1 Analyzed Websites 613
2.2 Cultural Characteristics 615
2.3 Web Design Characteristics 616
2.4 Analysis 617
3 Results 617
3.1 Text 617
3.2 Layout 617
3.3 Navigation 618
3.4 Multimedia 618
3.5 Links 619
3.6 Items Location 619
3.7 Color 620
3.8 Correspondence Analysis 622
4 Discussion 622
4.1 Brazil 622
4.2 China 622
4.3 Japan 623
4.4 United States 623
References 623
Globalization, Cultural Differentiation and Pluralism Processes and Proactive Dimension of Human World of “Boundary-Less Careers” 624
Abstract 624
1 Introduction 625
2 Globalization – Considerations on the Essence of the Phenomenon 626
3 The World of “Borderless Careers” 629
4 Individual’s Proactive Attitude in the World Where “Career Makes a Career” 630
5 Conclusion 631
References 631
Design Benchmarking Study Between Alessi Products and Chinese Commodities 633
Abstract 633
1 Introduction 633
2 Benchmarking Study 634
2.1 Outline of Benchmarking Theory 634
2.2 Construction of Design Benchmarking Study 634
3 Feasibility Analysis of Design Benchmarking Study Between Alessi Products and Chinese Commodities 635
3.1 Reverse Feasibility Analysis Based on Current Situation 635
3.2 Positive Feasibility Analysis Based on Future 635
4 Design Benchmarking Analysis of Alessi Products and Chinese Small Commodities 635
4.1 Benchmarking of Industrial Background 636
4.2 Benchmarking of Design Concept 637
4.3 Benchmarking of Design Concept 639
4.4 Benchmarking of Product Presentation 640
5 Establishment of Alessi Benchmarking Model 642
6 Application Practice of Alessi Benchmarking Theory in Bamboo Products 643
7 Conclusion 644
References 644
Influential Factors in Cross-Country Standards Adoption from a Macroergonomics Perspective 645
Abstract 645
1 Introduction 645
2 Method 646
3 Results and Discussion 647
3.1 Influential Factors in CSA 647
3.2 Human Factors from a Macroergonomics Perspective 649
4 Conclusion 650
Acknowledgments 650
References 650
Cross-Cultural Motivations for Information Sharing in Incident Management at Major Events 652
Abstract 652
1 Introduction 652
2 Literature Review 654
2.1 Information Sharing 654
2.2 Motivations for Sharing Information 654
2.3 Outcomes of Information Sharing 655
2.4 Types of Information Sharing 656
2.5 Cross-Cultural Differences 656
3 Methodology 657
4 Results 659
4.1 Situational Directive 660
4.2 Surface Credibility 660
4.3 Normative Altruism 661
5 Conclusions and Recommendations 661
Acknowledgements 662
References 663
Author Index 665