Neuropsychological Assessments of Dementia in Down Syndrome and Intellectual Disabilities (eBook)

Preface 6
Acknowledgment 8
Contents 9
Contributors 11
Abbreviations 14
Overview of the Neuropsychological Assessment of Dementia in Intellectual Disability 15
Introduction 15
Psychological Tools 18
Summary 28
References 28
Issues in Dementia Assessment Methods 33
Introduction 33
Worldview Implications: Adults with Down Syndrome 33
Schedule for Assessment 34
Purpose of Assessment 35
Characteristics of Individuals Being Assessed 37
Methods to Address Individual Differences 39
Informant Report or Direct Assessment of Performance 40
Evaluation of Assessment Scales and Techniques 43
Clinical Usefulness of Dementia Assessment Scales and Techniques 48
Summary 48
References 48
The Dementia Questionnaire for People with Intellectual Disabilities 53
Introduction 53
Background 53
DMR Designing Process 54
First Studies, Leading to Publication of the Final Version 54
Psychometric Properties 55
Judgment by Committee on Test Affairs Netherlands 58
Applications of the DMR 58
Other Studies of the DMR 60
Summary 62
References 64
Dementia Scale for Down Syndrome 66
Introduction 66
Background on the Development of the Scale 66
The Dementia Scale for Down Syndrome 67
Psychometric Properties of the DSDS 70
Reliability and Validity Studies 70
The DSDS in Neuropsychological Assessment 73
Published Studies that Used the DSDS 75
Advantages and Disadvantages of the DSDS 75
Summary 77
References 77
The Dyspraxia Scale for Adults with Down Syndrome 80
Introduction 80
Rationale 80
Background 81
Dyspraxia Scale Construction 81
Description and Administration of the Dyspraxia Scale for Adults with Down Syndrome 82
Psychometric Properties of the Dyspraxia Scale for Adults with Down Syndrome 89
Review of Published Research Studies with the Dyspraxia Scale for Adults with Down Syndrome 96
Future Developments 98
Summary 99
References 100
Adaptive Behavior Change and Dementia in Down Syndrome: Case Classification Using the Adaptive Behavior Scale 103
Introduction 103
Background to the Adaptive Behavior Scale 104
Reliability and Validity of ABS 105
Research Studies 107
Summary 113
References 114
The Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders of Older People with Down’s Syndrome and Others with Intellectual Disabilities ( CAMDEX- DS) 118
Background 118
Rationale for the Development of the CAMDEX-DS 118
Development and Use of the CAMDEX in the General Elderly Population 119
Modification of the CAMDEX Schedule for Use with Adults with Down Syndrome 121
Validity and Reliability of the CAMDEX-DS 124
Using the CAMDEX-DS 126
Guidance for Postdiagnosis Intervention 129
Review of Research Studies Using the CAMDEX-DS 130
Pros and Cons of the CAMDEX-DS 133
Clinical Experience 134
Summary 135
References 136
The Test for Severe Impairment 139
Introduction 139
Development of Test for Severe Impairment 140
Validity and Reliability 142
Results 145
Discussion 146
Summary 148
References 150
The Cued Recall Test: Detection of Memory Impairment 153
Introduction 153
Background 153
Identification of Memory Impairment in Adults with Dementia in the General Population 154
Age-Associated Memory Impairment and Down Syndrome 155
Diagnosis of Early-Stage Dementia in Adults with Down Syndrome 155
Early Identification of Significant Memory Impairment in Adults with Down Syndrome 156
Measures of Episodic Memory in Adults with Down Syndrome 157
Procedure 158
Participant Characteristics 159
Psychometric Properties 160
Mild Cognitive Impairment 164
Longitudinal Data 165
Normal Aging and Free Recall 166
Evaluation of Two Trials 167
Pros and Cons of Cued Recall Test 167
Summary 169
References 170
The Adaptive Behavior Dementia Questionnaire ( ABDQ) 172
Introduction 172
Background 172
Development of the ABDQ 176
Psychometric Properties of ABDQ 182
Future Issues 183
Summary 183
References 184
Strengths of Previous Work and Future Challenges 186
Strengths of Previous Work 186
Administration Techniques 188
Identification of Dementia Onset 191
Monitoring the Progression of Dementia 192
Differential Diagnosis 192
Evaluation Methods 193
Future Challenges and Directions 194
Conclusions 196
References 197
Appendix 1 Questions on Clinical Usefulness of Scales, Tests, and Techniques 198
References 199
Appendix 2 200
Appendix 3 Scoring Sheet for the Dyspraxia Scale for Adults with Down Syndrome 202
Appendix 4 204
Appendix 5 205
Appendix 6 206
Appendix 7 Test For Severe Impairment 213
Appendix 8 The Adaptive Behavior Dementia Questionnaire ( ABDQ) 217
Index 218