Harm Reduction in Substance Use and High-Risk Behaviour

Diane Riley is a policy analyst with the Canadian Foundation for Drug Policy and Assistant Professor of Medicine at the University of Toronto. She is a founding member of the International Harm Reduction Association and a member of the Board of Directors of the Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network Richard Pates is a consultant clinical psychologist and clinical director of the Addiction services for Cardiff and vale NHS Trust. He has worked in the field for nearly 20 years and has extensive experience of treating people with amphetamine problems. His research interests include the treatment of amphetamine problems and aspects of injecting. He is also editor of The Journal of Substance Use.

Foreword ix

List of Figures and Tables xi

List of Contributors xii

Section I: Background 1

1 Introduction 3
Diane Riley and Richard Pates

2 A Brief History of Harm Reduction 5
Diane Riley, Richard Pates, Geoffrey Monaghan and Patrick O’Hare

3 Drug Education or Drug Propaganda? 17
Julian Cohen

Section II: Policy 31

4 Harm Reduction and International Law: Drug Control vs. Human Rights 33
Richard Elliott

5 A Brief, Personal History of Harm Reduction Advocacy 49
Dave Burrows

6 Harm Reduction and the Role of Police Services 59
Geoffrey Monaghan

7 Harm Reduction in Prisons and Other Places of Detention 77
Ralf Jurgens

8 International Security and the Global War on Drugs: The Tragic Irony of Drug Securitisation 101
Danny Kushlick

9 The Ethics of Harm Reduction 111
Adrian Carter, Peter G. Miller and Wayne Hall

10 Harm Reduction: Contribution to a Critical Appraisal from the Perspective of People Who Use Drugs 124
Eliot Ross Albert

Section III: Specific Interventions 133

11 Injecting 135
Richard Pates, Robert Heimer and Danny Morris

12 Recovery and Harm Reduction: Time for a Shared, Development-Oriented, Programmatic Approach? 155
Neil Hunt

13 Harm Reduction for Stimulants 171
Diane Riley and Richard Pates

14 Ecstasy and Related Drugs (ERDs) and Harm Reduction 184
Paul Dillon, Professor Jan Copeland and Edmund Silins

15 Alcohol: Harm Reduction 196
Tina Alwyn and Bev John

16 Tobacco Harm Reduction 213
Jonathan Foulds and Steven Branstetter

17 Drugs and Harm Reduction: Cannabis and the Cannabinoids 229
Stefan Brugger, Laurence J. Reed, James Stone and David J. Nutt

18 The Resurrection of Psychedelic Research 246
Amanda Fielding

19 Harm Reduction and Sex Workers: A New Zealand Response: Taking the Harm Out of the Law 252
Catherine Healy, Calum Bennachie and Raewyn Marshall

20 Harm Minimisation: Gambling 263
Sally Gainsbury and Alex Blaszczynski

21 Young People and Harm Reduction in the UK: A Community Perspective 279
Mags Maher

22 Making Tools for Harm Reduction: The Story of Exchange Supplies 289
Jon Derricott

Section IV: Regions 299

23 Harm Reduction in Central and Eastern Europe 301
Tomas Zabransky, Jean Paul Grund, Alisher Latypov, David Otiashvili, Raminta Stuikyte, Otilia Scutelniciuc and Pavlo Smyrnov

24 Harm Reduction in Western Europe 322
Richard Pates

25 Harm Reduction in Russia, South West and Central Asia 335
Tomas Zabransky, Alisher Latypov, Ivan Varentsov, David Otiashvili and Jean Paul Grund

26 Harm Reduction in South, South East and East Asia 354
Jimmy Dorabjee

27 History and Context of Harm Reduction in the United States 370
Lisa Moore and Allan Clear

28 Harm Reduction in Canada: The Many Faces of Regression 382
Walter Cavalierri and Diane Riley

29 Harm Reduction in Latin America and the Caribbean 395
Diana Rossi

30 Policy and Practice in Harm Reduction in Australasia 405
Alex Wodak, John Ryan, Patrick Griffiths, Ingrid van Beek, Monica J. Barratt, Simon Lenton, Kate Dolan, Ana Rodas, Geoffrey Noller and Michael Farrell

31 Harm Reduction in Sub-Saharan Africa 425
Bruce Trathen, Charles D.H. Parry and Neo K. Morojele

32 Overview of the Harm Reduction Situation in the Middle East and North Africa 444
Jallal Toufiq

Section V: Conclusions 455

33 Conclusions 457
Richard Pates and Diane Riley

Index 461