Legal Tech and the New Sharing Economy (eBook)

Preface 6
Contents 8
Editors and Contributors 10
Acronyms 14
Legal Aspects of Decentralized and Platform-Driven Economies 17
1 Introduction 18
2 Parts 19
3 Chapters 21
References 26
Sharing Economy and Platforms 28
Building Platforms for Collaboration: A New Comparative Legal Challenge 29
1 Introduction 29
2 Collaboration in Practice 31
3 Experimenting with Platforms: Meridian 180 32
4 Conclusion 33
References 34
Sharing City Seoul and the Future of City Governance 35
1 Introduction 35
2 The Historical Context of Sharing Cities 37
3 The Role of Legal Systems 43
4 Lessons from Sharing City Seoul 49
5 Prediction: Beyond Decentralization 52
6 Conclusion 56
References 57
A Study of the Japanese Housing Accommodation Business Act (Act No. 65 of 2017): The First National Law in the World Legitimizing Home-Sharing 60
1 Introduction 61
1.1 The First National-Level Law Legalizing Home-Sharing in the World 61
1.2 Goal of This Chapter 61
1.3 JHABA Is not Necessarily a Model Law—But We Can Learn from Japan 62
1.4 Basic Outline of This Chapter 62
2 History of Home-Sharing Legalization in Japan 63
2.1 Home-Sharing in Japan? “No Thank You” (Prior to June 2015) 63
2.2 Regulatory Reform Council’s Proposal to Prime Minister—Small Step for Legalization (June 2015) 64
2.3 Entire Sharing-Economy Regulation Idea (December 2015) 65
2.4 JTA-HMLW Joint Study Committee for Housing Accommodation Business (November 2015 to June 20, 2016) 66
2.5 New Law Enactment (June 2017) 68
2.6 Delay for Subordinate Rules of the JHABA and New Threat for Home-Sharing (December 2017) 70
2.7 Confusion Around the Illegal Local Ordinances and Acceptance of Notification (After March 2018) 70
2.8 From 2200 to 16,500 Listings [Post Script in July 2019] 71
3 New Regulatory Framework for Home-Sharing Japan 72
3.1 Outline of the JHABA 72
4 Legal Issues that Need Further Study 81
4.1 Issue 1: Extraterritorial Application of the JHABA to All Offshore Business Operators 81
4.2 Issue 2: Overlooking the Neutrality of Platform 82
4.3 Issue 3: Illegal Local Ordinances Additionally Imposing Obligations on Home-Sharing 84
References 90
Digital Age and Personal Data 92
The Digital Person—A New Legal Entity? On the Role of Law in an AI-Based Society 93
1 Introduction 94
2 Three Key Questions 95
2.1 Do We Already Have Encoded Law Governed by Algorithms? 95
2.2 Can Administration of Justice Be Achieved with the Help of Robots? 95
2.3 Is a New Legal Entity in the Form of a Digital Person Needed? 96
3 General Reflections with Relevant References 97
3.1 The Role of Law in an AI-Based Society 97
3.2 Suggested Further Reading 100
4 Conclusion 102
References 103
Nudging Consent and the New Opt-Out System to the Processing of Health Data in England 104
1 Introduction 105
2 Behavioral Law and Economics, Choice Architectures and Default Rules as Prime Nudges 106
3 Nudges in the Healthcare Sector & Opt-Out Systems
4 The National Health Service and Opt-Out System in England 109
4.1 The Opt-Out System in England 110
4.2 The Presentation of the Information on the Information Materials for Patients 114
5 Opt-Out Statistics 118
6 Hard Paternalism in Healthcare? 119
7 Conclusion 121
References 121
National Electronic Health Record Systems and Consent to Processing of Health Data in the European Union and Australia 125
1 Introduction 126
2 National Electronic Health Records Systems (NEHR) 127
3 The Requirement of Consent Under General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) 128
4 Australian Legislative Framework for My Health Record System and Patients’ Consent to Processing of Their Personal Data 133
4.1 The “Standing” or “Ongoing” Consent 137
5 Conclusion 140
References 140
Blockchain and Code 142
Legal Education in a Digital Age 143
1 Introduction 144
2 Education in a Digital Age 145
3 Lawyers as Transaction Engineers 147
4 The “Lawyer of the Future” 149
4.1 The Evolving Character of Legal Work 149
4.2 Legal Tech 150
4.3 Designing a New Global Architecture 153
4.4 The Building Blocks of a Digital World? Blockchain & Smart Contracts
5 Coding for Lawyers 158
6 Conclusion 160
References 160
Reputation Protocol for the Internet of Trust 163
1 Introduction 164
2 Problem 165
2.1 Internet-Based Platforms Proliferate 165
2.2 Trust Crises on the Internet 165
3 Internet-Based Platforms Use of Reputation Metrics 167
3.1 The Shortcomings of This Use of Reputation in Internet-Based Platform Businesses Include the Following 168
3.2 Internet of Trust 169
4 Semada Research Institute 169
4.1 Founding Principle 170
4.2 Reputation as True Decentralization 170
4.3 Motivation 170
5 Semada Research Network 171
5.1 SRN DAO Candidates 172
5.2 Semada Platform 172
5.3 Protocols 173
6 Conclusion 187
References 187
Legal Issues Related to Blockchain Technology—Examples from Korea 188
1 Introduction 189
2 IP Law Issues Concerning Free and Open Source Software 190
2.1 Blockchain Technology and Open Source Software 190
2.2 Patented Blockchain Technology and Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) 190
2.3 A Clash Between Trade Secret and Copyright 191
2.4 Copyleft Provisions and Competition Law Issues of FOSS Licenses 192
3 e-Apostilles Project Based on Blockchain Technology 193
3.1 Apostilles Convention 193
3.2 Apostilles from the Republic of Korea 193
3.3 Legal Issues Related to e-Apostilles 197
4 Conclusion 204
References 204
Autonomous Systems and Future Challenges 206
Lawyers’ Views on Autonomous Driving 207
1 Introduction 207
2 The Favorite Question Asked by Lawyers 209
3 Safe Autonomous Driving Is a Product of a Well-Organized Network System 213
4 How Can We, Lawyers, Contribute to the Safety of Road Traffic Involving Autonomous Driving? 215
References 215
Adversarial Machine Learning: A Blow to the Transportation Sharing Economy 217
1 Introduction 218
2 The Current State of Autonomous Driving 219
3 Machines Are Easily Fooled 222
3.1 Adversarial Machine Learning 223
3.2 Recent Findings 224
3.3 Why Are Machines Fooled? 228
4 Adversarial Machine Learning and Autonomous Vehicles 229
5 Adversarial Machine Learning and the Law: The End of Autonomous Vehicles? 230
5.1 Product Liability Law as the First Obvious Choice 231
5.2 The Operator or Overriding Provisions, Shifting Liability to a Human Driver 234
5.3 Beyond Liability Regimes: No-Fault Compensation Schemes and Victim Compensation Funds 236
6 Discussing Liability in an Area in Evolution 239
6.1 Changed Car Ownership Structures 239
6.2 Infrastructure Enabled Autonomy 240
7 Conclusion 242
References 243
The New EU Directive on the Protection of Trade Secrets and Its Implementation 247
1 Introduction 247
2 Regulatory Objectives 249
3 The Concept of Trade Secrets 249
4 The Central Prohibition 252
5 The Extended Liability of the Manufacturer 253
6 Exceptions and Limitations 254
6.1 Limitations and Exempting Elements (Article 3) 254
6.2 Exceptions and Justifications (Article 5) 255
7 Sanctions 257
8 Conclusion 258
References 258
14 Correction to: Legal Tech and the New Sharing Economy 260
Correction to: M. Corrales Compagnucci et al. (eds.), Legal Tech and the New Sharing Economy, Perspectives in Law, Business and Innovation, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1350-3 260
Index 261