Statistical Learning of Complex Data (eBook)

Preface 6
Contents 10
Contributors 12
Part I Clustering and Classification 15
Cluster Weighted Beta Regression: A Simulation Study 16
1 Introduction 16
2 The Model 18
3 ML Parameter Estimation 19
4 Simulation Study 20
5 Concluding Remarks 22
References 23
Detecting Wine Adulterations Employing Robust Mixture of Factor Analyzers 25
1 Introduction and Motivation 25
2 Mixtures of Gaussian Factors Analyzers 26
3 Wine Recognition Data 28
4 Simulation Study 30
References 33
Simultaneous Supervised and Unsupervised Classification Modeling for Assessing Cluster Analysis and Improving Results Interpretability 34
1 Introduction 34
2 Proposal 35
3 Application on Real Data 37
4 Concluding Remarks 41
References 42
A Parametric Version of Probabilistic Distance Clustering 43
1 Introduction 43
2 Probabilistic Distance Clustering 44
3 Methodology 45
3.1 Gaussian PD Clustering 47
3.2 Student-t PD Clustering 48
4 Application on Simulated Data Sets 49
5 Conclusion and Future Work 52
References 52
An Overview on the URV Model-Based Approach to Cluster Mixed-Type Data 54
1 Introduction 54
2 Clustering Ordinal Data 55
3 Simultaneous Clustering and Reduction 56
4 Clustering Mixed-Type Data 57
5 Model Identifiability 57
6 Computation, Classification and Model Selection 59
7 Some Related Models 59
8 Real Data Application 60
References 61
Part II Exploratory Data Analysis 63
Preference Analysis of Architectural Façades by Multidimensional Scaling and Unfolding 64
1 Introduction 64
2 Paired-Comparison Task 66
Step 1 67
Step 2 68
3 Ranking Task 69
4 Conclusions 71
References 71
Community Structure in Co-authorship Networks: The Case of Italian Statisticians 72
1 Introduction 72
2 Community Detection Methods 73
3 Community Detection Results for Italian Statisticians 75
4 Conclusions 78
References 79
Analyzing Consumers' Behavior in Brand Switching 80
1 Introduction 80
2 Method 81
3 A Real Dataset: Potato Snack Brands and Their Customers 82
4 Data Analysis and Obtained Results 82
5 Discussion of the Obtained Findings 85
References 87
Evaluating the Quality of Data Imputation in Cardiovascular Risk Studies Through the Dissimilarity Profile Analysis 88
1 Introduction 88
2 The DPA Method in Short 89
3 DPA for Evaluating QoI in a CVD Risk Case Study 91
3.1 Application of DPA and PA for Evaluating QoI 92
3.2 Assessment of QoI in the Athlete Group 93
4 Conclusions 98
References 99
Part III Statistical Modeling 100
Measuring Economic Vulnerability: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach 101
1 Introduction 101
2 The Economic Vulnerability Index (EVI): A Possible Extension 102
3 The PLS Approach to Structural Equation Model 103
4 Results 105
4.1 Comparing Different Models' Specifications 106
4.2 Comparing Estimation Methods 106
4.3 Does Vulnerability Help Explain Growth? 107
5 Final Remarks 108
References 108
Bayesian Inference for a Mixture Model on the Simplex 109
1 Introduction 109
2 The Flexible Dirichlet Distribution 110
3 Bayesian Inference via Gibbs Sampling 111
4 A New Parametrization 113
5 Simulation Study 114
References 116
Stochastic Models for the Size Distribution of Italian Firms: A Proposal 117
1 Introduction 117
2 Model 118
3 Results of Empirical Studies 121
4 Discussion 122
References 125
Modeling Return to Education in Heterogeneous Populations: An Application to Italy 127
1 Introduction 127
2 The Model 129
3 Maximum Likelihood Estimation: The EM Algorithm 130
4 Real Data Analysis 131
5 Conclusions 134
References 135
Changes in Couples' Bread-Winning Patterns and Wife's Economic Role in Japan from 1985 to 2015 138
1 Introduction 138
1.1 Background 138
1.2 Hypotheses 139
2 Data and Methods 141
3 Results 142
4 Conclusion and Discussion 145
References 145
Weighted Optimization with Thresholding for Complete-Case Analysis 147
1 Introduction 147
2 Weighted Optimization 148
3 Examples 151
4 Conclusions 154
References 154
Part IV Graphical Models 156
Measurement Error Correction by Nonparametric Bayesian Networks: Application and Evaluation 157
1 Introduction 158
2 Nonparametric Bayesian Networks 158
3 NPBNs and Measurement Error—Application and Results 159
3.1 Results 162
4 Conclusions 163
References 164
Copula Grow-Shrink Algorithm for Structural Learning 165
1 Introduction 165
2 Nonparanormal Graphical Models 166
3 Structural Learning 167
4 Experiments 168
4.1 Simulation 168
4.2 An Application to Real Data: The Italian Energy Market 170
5 Conclusions 172
References 172
Context-Specific Independencies Embedded in Chain Graph Models of Type I 174
1 Introduction 174
2 Methodology 175
2.1 Hierarchical Multinomial Marginal Models for Context-Specific Independencies 175
2.2 Stratified Chain Graph Models 177
3 Application 178
3.1 The Italian Innovation Survey 178
4 Conclusions 181
References 181
Part V Big Data Analysis 182
Big Data and Network Analysis: A Combined Approach to Model Online News 183
1 Big Data and Network Analysis 183
2 The Big Data Audience Model 185
3 The Network Analysis Application 186
4 Conclusions 190
References 190
Experimental Design Issues in Big Data: The Question of Bias 192
1 The Challenges of Experimental Design with Big Data 192
2 Causal Models 193
3 Bias Models 195
3.1 A Game Theoretic Approach 197
4 Conclusion 199
References 199