Turkish Multinationals (eBook)

Yuksel Ayden is a management scholar whose research interests comprise international strategy, emerging markets, and management of innovation and technology. He is currently teaching on a part-time basis at Bahcesehir University, Turkey, where he delivers courses on strategy and international business. He has a wide range of experience in management consultancy to several Turkish companies in policy development, strategic planning and internationalization. Mehmet Demirbag is Professor of international business and Deputy Dean of Essex Business School of the University of Essex, UK. He has authored and co-authored over 65 scholarly articles and co-edited nine journal special issues on emerging markets.Mehmet sits on the editorial boards of British Journal of Management, The Journal of World Business, and Management International Review. Ekrem Tatoglu is Professor of International Business and serves as the Vice-President for Academic Affairs at Ibn Haldun University, Turkey. His research interests include foreign entry mode strategies of Turkish MNEs, strategic planning practices, high performance work practices and global management strategies. He has authored and co-authored over 70 scholarly articles in various internationally refereed journals.

Preface 6
Contents 8
List of Abbreviations 10
List of Figures 12
List of Tables 13
1: Introduction 14
References 19
2: Internationalization of the Turkish Business Environment: Historical Evolution and New Realities 24
1 Introduction 24
2 Geography, Demography, and Economy 25
2.1 Before the 1980s 27
2.2 After the 1980s 28
Notes 43
References 43
3: Theoretical Perspectives on Emerging Country Multinationals 46
1 Introduction 46
2 Theoretical Perspectives on Emerging Country Multinationals 47
2.1 Internationalization of the Firm: Mainstream Perspectives 48
2.1.1 Internationalization Process Model 49
2.1.2 OLI Framework 52
2.2 Internationalization of EC MNEs: Emergent Perspectives 56
2.2.1 Springboard Perspective 56
2.2.2 LLL Model 57
3 Internationalization of EC MNEs: Drivers, Motives, and Characteristics 58
3.1 Drivers of EC MNE Internationalization 59
3.1.1 Resource-Based View 59
3.1.2 Industry-Based View 62
3.1.3 Institution-Based View 63
4 Motives for EC MNE Internationalization 65
5 Internationalization Characteristics of EC MNEs 67
5.1 Location Choices 67
5.2 Ownership and Entry Mode Choices 69
References 71
4: Characteristics and Patterns of Turkish MNEs’ Internationalization 79
1 Introduction 79
2 Drivers of Turkish Multinational Enterprises (MNEs)’ Internationalization 80
2.1 Firm-Level Drivers of Internationalization 81
2.2 Industry-Level Drivers of Internationalization 97
2.3 Institutional-Level Drivers of Internationalization 102
3 Motives for Internationalization 107
4 Location Choices 110
5 Ownership and Entry Mode Choices 120
References 135
5: Market Entry Strategies of Turkish MNEs 138
1 Introduction 138
2 Market Entry Strategies of Turkish Multinationals 140
2.1 Strategy for Highly Competitive Markets: Drop and Diffuse by Adaptation 143
2.2 Strategy to Appeal to Demanding Customers: Masking the EC MNE 150
2.3 Strategy for Less Competitive Markets: Playing the DC MNE in Emerging Countries 156
2.4 Strategy to Rule Them All: Challenging to Incumbents 160
3 Summary 173
References 175
6: Post-Acquisition Strategies of  Turkish MNEs 180
1 Introduction 180
2 The Role of Acquisitions in the International Expansion of  Case Study Firms 183
2.1 Transferring Competences and Changes in Management 183
2.2 Brand and Product Management 188
2.3 Realizing Further Growth 192
3 Summary 194
References 195
7: Synthesis and New Directions for Research 198
1 Introduction 198
2 Synthesis of Findings and Theoretical Discussion 200
2.1 Drivers of and Motives for Internationalization 200
2.2 Choice of Location, Ownership, and Entry Mode 205
2.3 Market Entry Strategies 206
2.4 Post-Acquisition Strategies 210
3 Theoretical Implications 211
4 Managerial Implications 213
5 New Directions for Future Research and Limitations 216
6 Conclusion 218
References 219
Appendix A: Case Firms 223
Abdi ?brahim 223
Arçelik 224
Ayd?nl? 225
Boydak Furniture 227
Çal?k 228
Hayat Kimya 230
Kastamonu Entegre 232
Turkish Airlines 232
Vestel 233
Y?ld?z Holding (Ülker) 235
Ziylan 236
Appendix B: Research Methodology 240
Case Selection 242
Methods of Data Collection 243
Methods of Data Analysis 244
Index 247