Safety and Security Review for the Process Industries

Dr. Dennis P. Nolan has had a long career devoted to risk engineering, fire protection engineering, loss prevention engineering and systems safety engineering. He holds a Doctor of Philosophy degree in Business Administration from Berne University, Master of Science degree in Systems Management from Florida Institute of Technology and a Bachelor of Science Degree in Fire Protection Engineering from the University of Maryland. He is a U.S. registered professional engineer in fire protection engineering in the state of California.He is currently on the Executive Management staff of Saudi Aramco, located in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, as a Loss Prevention Consultant/Chief Fire Prevention Engineer. He covers some of the largest oil and gas facilities in the world. As part of his career, he has examined oil production, refining, and marketing facilities under severe conditions and in various unique worldwide locations, including Africa, Asia, Europe, the Middle East, Russia, and North and South America. His activity in the aerospace field has included engineering support for the NASA Space Shuttle launch facilities at Kennedy Space Center (and for those undertaken at Vandenburg Air Force Base, California) and “classified” national defense systems. Dr. Nolan has received numerous safety awards and is a member of the American Society of Safety Engineers, He is the author of many technical papers and professional articles in various international fire safety publications. He has written at least four books, several published by Elsevier.

PrefaceAcknowledgmentsAbout the Author1. Purpose2. Scope3. Objective and Description of PHA, What-If, and HAZOP Reviews    1. Definition    2. Objectives    3. Origins of Qualitative Safety Reviews    4. Limitations or Disadvantages         4.1 Limitations         4.2 Advantages4. Adaptation to Security Vulnerability Analysis    1. Comparison to Process Hazard Analysis Reviews    2. SVA Overall Procedure    3. Major Differences between Security Vulnerability Analyses and Process Hazard Analyses    4. Threat Analysis Necessity5. Specialized Reviews—Bow-Tie Analysis, Layers of Protection Analysis, and Safety Integrity Levels    1. Bow-Tie Analysis    2. Layers of Protection Analysis    3. SIL Analysis6. Team Members, Qualifications, and Responsibilities    1. Team Members         1.1 Minimum team members         1.2 Supplemental members    2. Team Member Qualifications         2.1 Team leader         2.2 Scribe         2.3 Project manager (project, process, manufacturing, or facility engineer)         2.4 Operations representative         2.5 Loss prevention or safety representative         2.6 Security officer or representative (for SVAs)         2.7 Supplemental team member    3. Team Responsibilities         3.1 Team leader         3.2 Scribe         3.3 Project manager (project, process, manufacturing, or facility engineer)         3.4 Operations representative         3.5 Loss prevention or safety representative         3.6 Security officer or representative (for SVAs)         3.7 Supplemental team member(s)    4. Team Dynamics         4.1 Leadership influences         4.2 Lines of communication         4.3 Efficiency factors    5. Use of Consultants         5.1 Qualifications         5.2 Advantages         5.3 Disadvantages    6. Record of Employee Experience7. Management Support and Responsibilities8. Review Applications for Typical Facilities    1. PHA Review Applications    2. What-If Review Applications    3. HAZOP Review Applications    4. SVA Review Applications    5. Application During Changes at a Facility9. Review Procedures    1. Review Preparation and Setup         1.1 Location         1.2 Administrative support         1.3 Facility documentation         1.4 PHA consequence and likelihood data resources         1.5 SVA Threat Analysis data resources         1.6 Computer hardware and software support         1.7 Node identification         1.8 SVA area identification    2. Review Methodology    3. Review Procedure         3.1 Review steps    4. Credible Scenarios and Causes    5. Possible Causes    6. Safeguards    7. Likelihood (Probabilities)    8. Consequences    9. Notetaking    10. Helpful Review Suggestions    11. Helpful Technical Suggestions         11.1 General         11.2 HAZOP suggestions         11.3 General PHA, What-If, HAZOP, and SVA review suggestions    12. Assumptions for the Review Process    13. Providing Recommendations         13.1 Examples of inadequate versus adequate recommendations         13.2 How to rank recommendations    14. Quality Audit10. Review Worksheets    1. PHA Worksheet    2. What-If Worksheet    3. HAZOP Worksheet    4. SVA Worksheets    5. Worksheet Identification11. Report Preparation and Distribution    1. Report Stages and Purpose    2. Report Preparation and Organization    3. Report Distribution         3.1 Preliminary reports         3.2 Draft reports         3.3 Final reports         3.4 Addendum reports12. Handling and Resolution of Recommendations    1. Ranking and Classifying Recommendations         1.1 Recommendation resolution summary    2. Objectives of a Safe and Secure Facility Design    3. Recommendation Action Plans    4. Risk Assessment Studies    5. Risk Acceptance Criteria    6. Cost–Benefit Analysis13. Schedule and Cost Estimates    1. Schedule         1.1 Formula to estimate review scheduling         1.2 Time bar scheduling and integration with project schedule    2. Cost Estimate    3. Estimating Formula         3.1 Cost of preparation         3.2 Cost of review sessions         3.3 Cost of report preparations and review         3.4 Documentation costs         3.5 Hardware, software, and incidental costs    4. Example Calculation for Schedule and CostAppendix A Typical Company Policy StatementAppendix B Quality Assurance Audit ChecklistAppendix C Probability, Severity, Risk, and Risk-Acceptance TablesAppendix D PHA and What-If Checklist QuestionsAppendix E HAZOP Parameters, Deviations, and Possible CausesList of AcronymsGlossaryBibliographyIndex