Oxford Textbook of Public Health

Roger Detels M.D., M.S., Professor of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases, received his training at Harvard College, New York University, the University of California, San Francisco, and the University of Washington. In 1971, he moved to the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, his current affiliation. During his tenure at UCLA, he has served as Chair of Epidemiology and as Dean of the School of Public Health. Professor Detels was one of the three editors for the first and second editions of the Oxford Textbook of Public Health and senior editor for the third, fourth and forthcoming fifth editions of the Textbook, which he expanded to include public health issues in developing countries. He has published more than 350 research papers on various aspects of public health. Professor Detels continues to be very active in HIV/AIDS and public health research in both the United States and Asia.

Martin Gulliford is Professor of Public Health in the Department of Public Health Sciences at King's College London. He graduated in Medicine from the University of Cambridge and University College Hospital, London, and trained in public health at Guy's and St Thomas' Medical Schools London. For several years, he was based in Trinidad, organizing a programme of health services research and training. His research is in epidemiology as applied to health services and public health.

Mary Ann Lansang is Professor of Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology at the University of the Philippines Manila College of Medicine - Philippine General Hospital, where she has been based since 1984. Dr Lansang's work spans many aspects of disease control and public health, most notably on malaria control, vaccine-preventable diseases, tuberculosis, and other tropical and infectious diseases, including health policy and systems development. For the past 15 years, she has served and continues to serve on the boards and advisory groups of various local and international health bodies on a broad range of public health issues. She served as Executive Director of the International Clinical Epidemiology Network (INCLEN Trust) in 2000 - 2004.

Robert Beaglehole was Professor of Community Health at the University of Auckland, New Zealand before taking up a position as a public health adviser in the Department of Health Service Provision at WHO, Geneva, on a project directed towards strengthening the public health workforce in developing countries. Between 2004 and 2007 he was the director of the Department of Chronic Disease and Health Promotion, responsible for WHO's technical work in these areas. He developed an integrated and stepwise approach to the prevention and control of chronic diseases and led the development of the Bangkok Charter on Health Promotion in a Globalized World. He is now co-director of International Public Health Consultants, based in Auckland, New Zealand.

SECTION 1: THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DISCIPLINE OF PUBLIC HEALTH ; 1.1 The scope and concerns of public health ; 1.2 The history and development of public health in high-income countries ; 1.3 The history and development of public health in low- and middle-income countries ; 1.4 The development of the discipline of public health in countries in economic transition: India, Brazil, China ; SECTION 2: DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE ; 2.1 A framework for understanding determinants of health ; 2.2 Globalization ; 2.3 Behavioural determinants of health and disease ; 2.4 Genomics and public health ; 2.5 Water and sanitation ; 2.6 Food and nutrition ; 2.7 Infectious diseases ; 2.8 The global environment ; 2.9 Health services as determinants of population health ; 2.10 Assessing health needs: the Global Burden of Disease approach ; SECTION 3: PUBLIC HEALTH POLICIES ; 3.1 Overview of policies and strategies ; 3.2 Public health policy in high-income countries ; 3.3 Health policy in low- and middle-income countries ; 3.4 Leadership in public health ; SECTION 4: PUBLIC HEALTH LAW AND ETHICS ; 4.1 The right to the highest attainable standard of health ; 4.2 Comparative national public health legislation ; 4.3 International public health instruments ; 4.4 Ethical principles and ethical issues in public health ; SECTION 5: INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND SOURCES OF INTELLIGENCE ; 5.1 Information systems in support of public health in high-income countries ; 5.2 Information systems and community diagnosis in low- and middle-income countries ; 5.3 Web-based public health information dissemination and evaluation ; SECTION 6: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND BIOSTATISTICAL APPROACHES ; 6.1 Epidemiology: the foundation of public health ; 6.2 Ecologic variables, ecologic studies, and multi-level studies in public health research ; 6.3 Cross-sectional studies ; 6.4 Principles of outbreak investigation ; 6.5 Case-control studies ; 6.6 Cohort studies ; 6.7 Methodology of intervention trials in individuals ; 6.8 Methodological issues in the design and analysis of community intervention trials ; 6.9 Community-based intervention studies in high-income countries ; 6.10 Community-based intervention trials in low- and middle-income countries ; 6.11 Clinical epidemiology ; 6.12 Validity and bias in epidemiological research ; 6.13 Causation and causal inference ; 6.14 Systematic reviews and meta-analysis ; 6.15 Statistical methods ; 6.16 Mathematical models of transmission and control ; 6.17 Public health surveillance ; SECTION 7: SOCIAL SCIENCE TECHNIQUES ; 7.1 Sociology and psychology in public health ; 7.2 Demography and public health ; 7.3 Health promotion, health education, and the public health ; 7.4 Cost-effectiveness analysis: concepts and applications ; 7.5 Governance and management of public health programmes ; 7.6 Public health sciences and policy in high-income countries ; 7.7 Public health sciences and policy in low- and middle-income countries ; SECTION 8: ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SCIENCES ; 8.1 Environmental health issues in public health ; 8.2 Radiation and public health ; 8.3 Control of microbial threats: population surveillance, vaccine studies, and the microbiological laboratory ; 8.4 The science of human exposures to contaminants in the environment ; 8.5 Occupational health ; 8.6 Ergonomics and public health ; 8.7 Toxicology and risk assessment in the analysis and management of environmental risk ; 8.8 Risk perception and communication ; SECTION 9: MAJOR HEALTH PROBLEMS ; 9.1 Gene-environment interactions and public health ; 9.2 Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases ; 9.3 Neoplasms ; 9.4 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma ; 9.5 Obesity ; 9.6 The epidemiology and prevention of diabetes mellitus ; 9.7 Public mental health ; 9.8 Dental public health ; 9.9 Musculoskeletal diseases ; 9.10 Neurological diseases, epidemiology and public health ; 9.11 The transmissable spongiform encephalopathies ; 9.12 Sexually transmitted infections ; 9.13 Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ; 9.14 Tuberculosis ; 9.15 Malaria ; 9.16 Chronic hepatitis and other liver disease ; 9.17 Emerging and re-emerging infections ; SECTION 10: PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF PUBLIC HEALTH HAZARDS ; 10.1 Tobacco ; 10.2 Drug abuse ; 10.3 Alcohol ; 10.4 Injury prevention and control: the public health approach ; 10.5 Interpersonal violence prevention: a recent public health mandate ; 10.6 Collective violence: war ; 10.7 Urban health in low- and middle-income countries ; 10.8 Public health aspects of bioterrorism ; SECTION 11: PUBLIC HEALTH NEEDS OF POPULATION GROUPS ; 11.1 The changing family ; 11.2 Women, men and health ; 11.3 Child health ; 11.4 Adolescent health ; 11.5 Ethnic minorities and indigenous peoples ; 11.6 People with disabilities ; 11.7 Health of older people ; 11.8 Forced migrants and other displaced populations ; SECTION 12: PUBLIC HEALTH FUNCTIONS ; 12.1 Need: what is it and how do we measure it? ; 12.2 Needs assessment: a practical approach ; 12.3 Socio-economic inequalities in health in high-income countries: the facts and the options ; 12.4 Reducing health inequalities in low- and middle-income countries ; 12.5 Prevention and control of chronic, non-communicable diseases ; 12.6 Principles of infectious disease control ; 12.7 Population screening and public health ; 12.8 Environmental health practice ; 12.9 Structures and strategies for public health intervention ; 12.10 Strategies for health services ; 12.11 Public health workers ; 12.12 Planning for and responding to public health needs in emergencies and disasters ; SECTION 13: THE FUTURE OF PUBLIC HEALTH ; 13.1 Private support of public health ; 13.2 Global health agenda for the 21st century