Wood Formation in Trees

Nigel Chaffey

Introduction. An Introduction to the Problems of Working with Trees. Wood Microscopical Techniques. Conventional (Chemical-fixation) Transmission Electron Microscopy and Cytochemistry of Angiosperm Trees. Chemical and Cryo-fixation for Transmission Electron Microscopy of Gymnosperm Cambial Cells. Deep-etching Electron Microscopy and 3-Dimensional Cell Wall Architecture. Secondary Ion Mass Spectometry Microscopy: Application to the Analysis of Woody Samples. Immunolocalization of the Cytoskeleton in the Secondary Vascular System of Angiosperm Trees and its Visualisation Using Epifluorescence Microscopy. Immunolocalization and Visualization of the Cytoskeleton in Gymnosperms using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. Cell Walls of Woody Plants: Autoradiography and Ultraviolet Microscopy. Cell Walls of Woody Tissues: Cytochemical, Biochemical and Molecular Analysis of Pectins and Pectin Methylesterases. Immunolocalization of Enzymes of Lignification. Sampling of Cambial Region Tissues for High Resolution Analysis. Biochemistry and Quantitative Histochemistry of Wood. Protein Analysis in Perennial Tissues. The Use of GUS Histochemistry to Visualize Lignification Gene Expression In Situ during Wood Formation. In Situ Hybridization. Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA and Reverse transcription Chain Reaction of RNA in Studies of Sapwood and Heartwood.