Sustainable Liquefied Natural Gas

David A. Wood has more than forty years of international gas, oil, and broader energy experience since gaining his Ph.D. in geosciences from Imperial College London in the 1970s. His expertise covers multiple fields including subsurface geoscience and engineering relating to oil and gas exploration and production, energy supply chain technologies, and efficiencies. For the past two decades, David has worked as an independent international consultant, researcher, training provider, and expert witness. He has published an extensive body of work on geoscience, engineering, energy, and machine learning topics. He currently consults and conducts research on a variety of technical and commercial aspects of energy and environmental issues through his consultancy, DWA Energy Limited. He has extensive editorial experience as a founding editor of Elsevier’s Journal of Natural Gas Science & Engineering in 2008/9 then serving as Editor-in-Chief from 2013 to 2016. He is currently Co-Editor-in-Chief of Advances in Geo-Energy Research. Jianchao Cai received his B.Sc in Physics from Henan Normal University and MSc and Ph.D in Condensed Matter Physics from Huazhong University of Science and Technology. He is currently a professor at the Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics at the China University of Geosciences (Wuhan). Meanwhile, he serves as Associate Editor or Editorial member for several journals including Journal of Natural Gas Science & Engineering, International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Technology, Fractals. He has published more than 130 journal articles, two books, and numerous book chapters.

Preface 1. LNG: An Evolving Industry with Net-Zero Challenges Section One: Natural gas liquefaction 2. The evolution of global LNG supply chains: A Review 3. Natural Gas Liquefaction Technologies and Their Uptake in Floating LNG Facilities 4. The core liquefaction facility in FLNG: spiral-wound heat exchanger 5. Australian LNG sector: Struggling to Achieve Commercial and Environmental Sustainability or Community Satisfaction 6. Supersonic separation technology for natural gas dehydration in LNG plants Section Two: LNG shipping and offshore storage facilities 7. LNG carriers and FSRU: opportunities to improve their operational efficiency 8. Sustainable LNG deliveries and FSRU operations: planning and scheduling simulations 9. Liquefied Natural Gas Cold Energy Utilization Technology Process Efficiency for Floating Regasification Facilities Section Three: Onshore Storage and Regasification 10. Dynamic simulation models for an LNG storage tank 11. Stratification and rollover behavior of liquefied natural gas in storage tanks 12. LNG rollover monitoring and control associated with floating storage and regasification units (FSRU) Section Four: Small-scale LNG facilities and operations 13. Safety of LNG bunkering operations and facilities 14. Exploiting cold energy associated with LNG regasification processes Section Five: LNG markets and utilization 15. LNG Marketization progress in China and its LNG price indexes 16. Carbon-neutral LNG cargoes: a potentially valuable concept requiring improved transparency