Polyhydroxyalkanoates Biopolymers (eBook)

Preface 6
Contents 8
Abbreviations 10
Symbols 12
List of Figures 14
List of Tables 16
1 Introduction and Background 17
1.1 Emergence of PHAs and Their Characteristics 20
1.2 Classification of PHAs 21
1.2.1 Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) 21
1.2.2 Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [Poly (3HB-co-3HV)] 22
1.2.3 Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) [Poly (3HB-co-3HHx)] 22
1.3 Biochemical Synthesis of PHAs 23
1.3.1 SCL-PHAs Synthesis [PHB and Poly (3HB-co-3HV)] 23
1.3.2 MCL-PHAs Synthesis in Pseudomonas sp. 25
1.3.3 Other Pathways Involved in PHAs Synthesis 25
1.4 Regulation of PHAs Synthesis 26
References 27
2 Polyhydroxyalkanoates: The Future Bioplastics 31
2.1 PHAs Producing Microorganisms 32
2.1.1 PHAs Production Using Gram-Negative Bacteria 32
2.1.2 PHAs Production Using Gram-Positive Bacteria 35
References 37
3 Challenges in PHAs Production at Mass Scale 40
References 44
4 Production Strategies for Commercialization of PHA 46
4.1 Use of Inexpensive and Renewable Substrates for PHA Production 46
4.2 Engineering of Superior PHA Producing Strains 53
4.3 PHAs Production by Mixed Cultures 57
4.4 High Cell Density Cultivation Approaches 61
4.5 Mathematical Modelling Strategies 65
4.6 Sustainable Downstream Recovery Approaches 68
References 73
5 Summary and Future Perspectives 83