Monitoring of Soil-Structure Interaction

1 Soil Pressure Measurement Methods: Measurement Specifics and Instruments.- 1.1 Direct and Indirect Methods.- 1.2 Some Specifics of Soil Pressure Measurement.- 1.3 Hydraulic Multiplicator.- 1.4 Orientation Effect on Cell Performance and Design.- 1.5 Cell for Measuring Both Static and Dynamic Soil Pressures.- 2 Contact Soil Pressure Measurement Techniques.- 2.1 Conventional Approach and Experimental Verification.- 2.2 Stress Deviator and Its Effects on Variation in Soil Pressure Cell Readings.- 3 Calibration Apparatuses and Calibration Methods of Soil Pressure Cells.- 3.1 State-of-the-Art Review.- 3.2 Improved Calibration Devices and Investigation of Their Performance.- 4 Stiff Contact Pressure Cells.- 4.1 Stress-Strain Measuring Systems: General.- 4.2 Developing of Contact Pressure Cells.- 4.3 Contact Pressure Cell With Vibrating Wire Type Transducer for Mass Production.- 4.4 Effects of Cell Size on Scatter in Results of Soil Pressure Measurement.- 5 Errors in Measuring Soil Contact Pressures by Means of Nonstiff Pressure Cells.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Instruments and Devices Used in Experiments for Determining the Errors in Soil Pressure Measurements by Nonstiff Cells.- 5.3 Changes in Properties of Cohesionless Soils That Occur Due to Effects of Compression.- 5.4 Effect of Distance Between Adjacent Soil Pressure Cells on Instrument Performance.- 5.5 Effect of Depth of Soil Above Instrument’s Pressure-Bearing Membrane on Instrument Performance.- 5.6 Errors in Soil Pressure Measurements by Nonstiff Soil Pressure Cells.- 5.7 Soil Stress State Investigation at Soil Pressure Cell Contact Surface.- 5.8 Results of Investigation of Systematic Relative Error in Stress Measurements in Soil Performed with Nonstiff Instruments.- 6 Full-Scale and Field Experiments: Monitoring ofIn Situ Soil/Structure Interaction.- 6.1 Arrangement (Layout) of Pressure Cells and Installation Procedures.- 6.2 Effects of Misalignment of Cell Contact Surface with Surface of the Structure.- 6.3 Influence of Size of Soil Grains on Cell Performance.- 6.4 Interaction Between Adjacent Pressure Cells in a Mass of Soil.- 7 Contact Stresses at Interface Between a Stiff Foundation Block and Foundation Soil: Large-Scale Model Tests.- 7.1 Round Stiff Concrete Block 1.1 m in Diameter.- 7.2 Round Stiff Concrete Block 2.2 m in Diameter.- 7.3 Stiff Rectangular Concrete Block 3 × 1 × 0.6 m.- 8 Field Investigation. Case Histories.- 8.1 Round Concrete Foundation for Cylindrical Concrete Shaft to Support a Cable Roof System.- 8.2 Cellular Square Footing Constructed on Granular Foundation Soils.- 8.3 Cellular Square Footing Constructed on Hard Foundation Soil.- 8.4 Foundation of a Tall Building.- 8.5 Foundation Slab to Support Loads from Turbine and 300-MW Generator.- 9 Stiff Foundations on Cohesive and Nonhomogeneous Soils.- 9.1 Perforated Stiff Foundation System on Cohesive Soils.- 9.2 Solid Concrete Slab Constructed Upon a Nonhomogeneous Foundation Soil.- 9.3 Soil Pressure from a Water Reservoir.- 9.4 Influence of Nonuniform Densification on Shape of Soil Reaction Diagram.- 10 Lateral Earth Pressure “At Rest”.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Experimental Determination of K0 in a Granular Soil Mass.- 10.3 Coefficient of Lateral Soil Pressure, K, at Interfaces with Stiff Walls.- 10.4 Comparison of K0 with K and Proposed Formula for Determining K0.- 11 Soil Pressure on Retaining Walls.- 11.1 Introduction.- 11.2 Large-Scale Investigation of a Single-Anchored Sheetpile Wall.- 11.3 Soil Pressure Against Nonyielding Retaining Wall.- 12 Vertical Distribution of Stresses Within Soil Massat the Central Part of a Stiff Slab.- 12.1 Stiff Rectangular Concrete Block 1.8 × 0.6 × 0.7 m.- 12.2 Stiff Rectangular Concrete Block 2.85 × 0.7 × 0.7 m.- 12.3 Stiff Round Concrete Block 1.1 m in Diameter.- 12.4 Conclusions.- References.