Application of Social Media in Crisis Management

Babak Akhgar is Professor of Informatics and Director of CENTRIC (Center of excellence in terrorism, resilience, intelligence and organized crime research) at Sheffield Hallam University and Fellow of the British Computer Society. He has more than 100 referred publications in international journals and conferences on information systems with specific focus on knowledge management (KM). He is member of editorial boards of a number of international Journals, Chair and program committee member of several international conferences. He has extensive and hands on experience in development, management and execution of large international security initiatives (e.g. Application of social media in crisis management , intelligence based combating of terrorism and organised crime, Gun crime, cyber security, Big Data and cross cultural ideology polarization) with multi million Euros budgets. In addition to this he is the technical lead of 3 EU Security projects; "Courage" on Cyber Crime and Cyber Terrorism and "Athena project" on Application of social media and mobile devices in crisis management and TENSOR on identification of terrorist generated internet content. He has co-edited a book on Intelligence management (Knowledge Driven frameworks for combating Terrorism and Organised crime). His recent books are titled Strategic Intelligence Management (National Security Imperatives) and Information and Communications Technologies Emerging Trends in ICT Security, Application of Big Data for National Security and Cyber Crime and Cyber Terrorism-practitioners guide. Prof Akhgar is board member of European Organisation for Security (EOS), and member academic board of SAS UK.  David Waddington is Professor of Communications, Co-director of the Cultural, Communication & Computing Research Institute, Academic Chair of CENTRIC (Center of excellence in terrorism, resilience, intelligence and organized crime research) and Head of the Communication & Computing Research Centre at Sheffield Hallam University (SHU). He was also Chair of his faculty's Research Ethics Committee from February 2008 to February 2013.  Waddington has been employed at SHU (which was previously known as Sheffield City Polytechnic) since 1983 - initially as a Postdoctoral Research Associate on an ESRC project investigating 'Communication processes within and around "flashpoints" of Public Disorder'. This focus on the policing of riots, disorderly demonstrations and picket-line confrontations was instrumental to the development of Waddington's 'Flashpoints Model of Public Disorder', which is frequently referred to in the European, North American and Antipodean policing literatures.  Among his best-known publications are the seminal (with Chas Critcher and Karen Jones, Routledge, 1989); Contemporary Issues in Public Disorder (Routledge, 1992); Public Order Policing: Theoretical and Practical Approaches (Willan, 2007); Rioting in France and the UK: A Comparative Analysis (co-edited with Fabien Jobard and Mike King, Willan, 2009); and Riots - An International Comparison (with Matthew Moran, Palgrave Macmillan, 2016). Waddington is currently on the International Editorial Board of Mobilization: An international Social Movements Journal. From 2011-2013 he was External Evaluator of the EU-funded GODIAC project, which brought together 12 European partner countries in search of a distinctively more enlightened and permissive 'European approach' to protest policing.   Detective Inspector Andrew Staniforth of West Yorkshire Police has extensive counter-terrorism experience in the UK. As a professionally qualified teacher, he has designed national counter-terrorism training and exercising programmes, delivered training to police commanders form across the world and has supported missions of the United Nations Terrorism Prevention Branch. Andrew is a Senior Research Fellow at the School of Law, University of Leeds and a Non-Resident Fellow in Counter-Terrorism and National Security at the Trends Research and Advisory Institute. Andrew is the author and editor of numerous articles on counter-terrorism and national security. His most recent books include; Blackstone’s Counter-Terrorism Handbook (3rd edition) (Oxford University Press 2013); Blackstone’s Handbook of Ports and Borders Security (Oxford University Press 2013); Preventing Terrorism and Violent Extremism (Oxford University Press 2014); Cyber Crime and Cyber Terrorism Investigators Handbook (Elsevier, 2014); Blackstone’s Handbook of Cyber Crime Investigation (Oxford University Press in press 2017); and Big Data Applications for National Security (Elsevier 2015). Qualified in PRINCE2, Andrew now leads an innovative police research team at the Office of the Police and Crime Commissioner for West Yorkshire, progressing multi-disciplinary international research and innovation projects. Andrew is the Project Coordinator of ATHENA, funded by the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme.

Introduction.- Section I: Human Factors and Recommendations for Best Practice.- Human Factors in Crisis, Disaster and Emergency: Some Policy Im-plications and Lessons of Effective Communication.- Crisis Management, Social Media and Smart Devices.- Case Studies in Crisis Communication: Some Pointers to Best Practice.- Section II: Technological Design and Development of ATHENA.- Best Practices in the Design of a Citizen-Focused Crisis Management Platform.- Analyzing Crowd-Sourced Information and Social Media for Crisis Management.- The Athena Mobile Application.- Standardization to Deal with Multi-lingual Information in Social Me-dia During Large-scale Crisis Situations.- Cloud-based Intelligence Acquisition and Processing for Crisis Man-agement.- Section III: Salient Legal Considerations.- The Relevant Legal Framework.- Legal Considerations Relating to the Police Use of Social Media.- Section IV: Testing and Evaluating the ATHENA System.- Preliminary ATHENA Case Studies: Test-bed Development and De-livery.- The Final Athena Test Case: West Yorkshire Police Training and Development Centre, Wakefield (UK), September 2016.- Concluding remarks.- Index.