Anaesthetic and Extracorporeal Gas Transfer

Part 1 Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport in the body: the respiratory quotient; the Avogadro connection; the squash court model of a gas; Boyle's law; oxygen demand and CO2 elimination - normal values; airway architecture and the composition of alveolar gas; alveolar oxygen and the CO2 partial pressures - normal values; experimental validation of the alveolar gas equation; ventilation and the body's control of blood gas concentrations. Part 2 Medical breathing systems: the variable-concentration oxygen mask; Ayre's T-piece and the Bain system; the fixed-concentration (HAFOE) oxygen mask; Venturi breathing systems; the Magill and Lack breathing systems; minimal breathing - a graphical approach; - use of multiple valves. Part 3 Anaesthetic vaporizers: saturated vapour pressures of inhalational anaesthetics; the laws of thermodynamics and the Clausius-Clapeyron equation; the Antoine equation; the plenum vaporizer; the effect of temperature on the output from a plenum vaporizer; automatic temperature compensation in plenum vaporizers; the effect of flow on the output from a plenum vaporizer; other influences on the output from a plenum vaporizer; other forms of vaporizer; vapour reception by the patient; thermodynamic difficulty of generating anaesthetic vapours for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia. Part 4 Mechanical ventilation of the lungs: manually controlled ventilation using anaesthetic breathing systems with a single pressure-release valve; controlled ventilation with the Mapleson A (Magill, Lack) systems and with the Mapleson B, C, D and F systems; automatic ventilation of the lungs; type I ventilators with T-piece configuration; type II ventilators with and without rebreathing; high frequency ventilation. Part 5 Oxygen transfer in extracorporeal lungs: the parallel plate membrane lung; the hollow fibre membrane lung; enhancement of oxygen transfer by secondary flow. Part 6 Carbon dioxide transfer in extracorporeal lungs: parallel plate geometry - membrane limited extraction of CO2; parallel plate membrane lung - approximate solution for intermediate membrane resistance to CO2 transfer; - approximate solution for the case of low membrane resistance to CO2 transfer; - general solution for CO2 transfer; hollow fibre membrane lung.