Concise Encyclopedia of Semiconducting Materials & Related Technologies (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Concise Encyclopedia of Semiconducting Materials & Related Technologies
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
HONORARY EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD 7
FOREWORD 8
EXECUTIVE EDITOR'S PREFACE 10
EDITORS' PREFACE 12
GUIDE TO USE OF THE ENCYCLOPEDIA 14
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF ARTICLES 16
AN INTRODUCTION TO SEMICONDUCTING MATERIALS AND RELATED TECHNOLOGIES 18
Chapter A 26
Atomic Ordering and Phase Separation 26
Chapter B 32
Birefringence in Crystals 32
Bonding Theories 34
Bonding Theories: Structure Maps 43
Chapter C 52
Chalcopyrite Semiconductors 52
Characterization of Compound Semiconductors by Etching 62
Color and Optical Absorption in Glasses 73
Connector Materials 76
Contacts to III–V Semiconductors 82
Corrosion of Integrated Circuits 87
Chapter D 92
Defects in Epitaxial Layers 92
Defects in Silicon: Fundamentals 99
Defects in Silicon: Processing 103
Defects: Influence on Device Behavior 109
Deposition of IMetal Films by Laser Pyrolysis 113
Diamond 116
Dielectric Films 120
Dielectric Properties of Polymers 122
Diffusion in Compound Semiconductors 127
Diffusion in Silicon 133
Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors 137
Dislocations in Semiconductors 142
Chapter . 150
Electrical Laminates 150
Electrically Conducting Polymers 156
Electrically Conducting Polymers: Synthesis and Properties 159
Electrochromic Materials 163
Electronic and Optical Minerals 165
Electronic Materials: Nondestructive Evaluation 168
Electrooptic and Acoustooptic Materials 171
Electrophotographic Materials 173
Energy Conversion and Storage: Photoelectrochemical Systems 179
Epitaxial Metal–Semiconductor Interfaces 183
Chapter F 188
Ferroelastic Materials 188
Ferroelectric Materials 190
Fine-Line Lithography 193
Fine-Line IVIetrology 201
Flip-Chip Interconnections 209
Fluorescence Properties of Materials 212
Fluoride Glasses 215
Fluoride Glasses: Chemistry, Structure and Optical Properties 218
Chapter G 228
Germanium 228
Glass Optical Fibers 231
Grain Boundaries in Semiconductors 235
Growth of Semiconductor Bulk Single Crystals 242
Chapter . 256
Holographic Materials 256
Hydrogen in Crystalline Semiconductors 259
Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon 263
Chapter I 268
Infrared Laser Window Materials 268
Interlevel Dielectrics and Passivating Films 270
Ion Implantation into Ceramics 275
Ion Implantation of III–V Compounds 280
Chapter J 286
Junction Transient Spectroscopy 286
Chapter L 290
Langmuír–Blodgett Films 290
Laser Glass 292
Laser Materials 295
Liquid Crystals 297
Liquid Phase Epitaxy 300
Local Vibrational Mode Spectroscopy of Semiconductors 302
Luminescence in Glasses 307
Chapter . 312
Magnetooptics 312
Mechanical Properties of Semiconductors 315
Metallic Multilayers 320
Metallic Solid Solutions: Phase Separation 324
IMolecular Beam Epitaxy 331
Multilevel Metallization 336
Chapter . 342
Nanocrystalline Materials 342
Nonlinear Optical Materials 352
Chapter O 356
Optical BistabíUty 356
Optical Glasses 358
Optical Thin Films 366
Optical Thin Films: Production and Use 367
Organic "Soft" Thin-Film Transistor 372
Organometallic Vapor Phase Epitaxy 374
Oxygen in Czochralski Silicon 378
Chapter P 384
Phase Transformations at Surfaces and Interfaces 384
Photovoltaic Materials 387
Piezoelectric IVIaterials 394
Point Defect Equilibria in Semiconductors 397
Polycrystalline Silicon: Structure and Processing 401
Polymerization, Plasma-Induced 404
Pyroelectric Materials 406
Chapter Q 410
Quantum Wells 410
Quantum Wells: Intrinsic Optical Properties 413
Chapter R 418
Radiation Effects in Polymers 418
Rapid Thermal Processing 425
Resist IVIaterials for Lithography 430
Chapter S 434
Schottky Barriers 434
Self-Focusing Properties of Materials 437
Semiconductor Heterostructures: Formation of Defects and Their Reduction 439
II–VI and IV–VI Semiconductors 452
III–V Semiconductors: Electronic and Optical Properties 462
III–V Semiconductors: Structure, Crystal Growth and Perfection 468
Silicon Carbide 476
Silicon Dioxide: Bulk Properties 480
Silicon Nitride: Bulk Properties 483
Silicon-on-Insulator Film Growth 486
Silicon: Preparation 492
Silicon: Properties and IVIaterials Specifications 503
Silicon Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuit Processing 517
Sol–Gel Processes in Glass Making 525
Solid Conductors 529
Strained-Layer Superlattices 545
Stress- and Current-Induced Damage in Thin-Film Conductors 549
Chapter T 556
Thermoelectric Semiconductors 556
Transition Metal Silicides 558
Transmission Electron Microscopy of Semiconductors 562
Chapter W 568
Water: Ultrapurification for Microelectronics Processing 568
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS 572
SUBJECT INDEX 582