Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Heart (eBook)

Jian-an Wang, MD, PhD, Professor of Cardiology at Zhejiang University and investigator at Loma Linda University, U.S., has broad expertise in the molecular and cellular biological processes underlying cardiovascular disease. He has won the Chinese Medical Science and Technology Medal of Honor. He performs cardiac interventional treatment on more than 1000 cases per year, doing percutaneous coronary angiography (PTCA), percutaneous coronary angioplasty, radiofrequency catheterization ablation (RFCA), percutaneous closure of a residual ventricular septal defect (VSD), atrial septal defect (ASD) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with the Amplatzer occluder, etc. He is also the chief editor of Electrocardiology Journal, Chinese editor of Circulation, European Heart Journal and American Heart Association Journals Best Selection, editor of Chinese Emergency Journal, Chinese Practical Medicine Journal, and Chinese Modern Clinical Medicine Journal.

Preface 6
Contents 7
MSCs Isolation and Culture Ex Vivo 10
1.1 Cell Isolation 11
1.1.1 Direct Adherence Method 1.1.1.1 Materials 12
1.1.1.2 Procedures 12
1.1.2 Density Gradient Centrifugation 12
1.1.2.1 Materials 13
1.1.2.2 Procedures 14
1.1.3 Magnetic Microbead or Flow Cytometry Method 15
1.2 Cell Culture 16
1.2.1 Materials 16
1.2.2 Procedures 16
1.3 Cell Cryopreservation and Thawing 17
1.3.1 Materials 18
1.3.2 Procedures 18
References 18
2 MSCs Identification 21
Xinyang Hu1 21
Abstract: 21
2.1 Minimal Criteria 22
2.2 Some Comments of the Criteria 22
2.3 Other Methods 23
2.3.1 Morphology characteristics 23
2.3.2 Other Markers 2.3.2.1 SB- 10 23
2.3.2.2 SH-2, SH-3, SH-4 23
2.3.2.3 Neural Ganglioside GD2 24
2.3.2.4 SSEA-4 24
2.4 Conclusion 24
References 25
3 Biological Characteristics of MSCs 26
3.1 Surface Markers and Paracrine Characteristics 26
3.1.1 Surface Markers 26
3.1.2 Paracrine Characteristics of MSCs 29
3.2 Electrophysiological Properties of MSCs and Their Electric Coupling with Cardiomyocytes 30
3.2.1 Characterization of Ion Channels in MSCs 30
3.2.1.1 Potassium Channels (K+ Channels) 31
3.2.1.2 Calcium Channels (Ca2+ Channels) 32
3.2.1.3 Sodium Channels (Na+ Channels) 33
3.2.2 Why does an Individual Cell Express Different Currents? 33
3.2.3 Electric Coupling of MSCs with Host Cardiomyocytes 34
3.3 Proliferation of MSCs and Telomerase Properties 38
3.3.1 Structure and Function of Telomeres and Telomerase 39
3.3.2 Telomere and Telomerase in MSCs 39
3.4 Multilineage Transdifferentiation of MSCs 41
3.4.1 MSCs and Cardiomyogenesis 42
3.4.2 Differentiation Fate of MSCs 45
3.5 Immunological Characteristics of MSCs 46
3.5.1 Immunological Characteristics of MSCs 46
3.5.1.1 MSCs and T Lymphocytes 47
3.5.1.2 MSCs and B Cells 49
3.5.1.3 MSCs and APCs 50
3.5.1.4 MSCs and NK Cells 51
3.5.2 51
Studies 51
3.5.3 Immune-related Properties of MSCs in Cardiology 53
3.6 Conclusion 53
References 54
4 Utilization of MSCs for Repairing Cardiomyocytes 66
4.1 Application of MSCs on Myocardial Infarction 68
4.2 Application of MSCs on Cardiomyopathy and Chronic Heart Failure 72
4.3 Conclusion 74
References 75
5 Current Status of MSCs in Clinical Application 80
5.1 The Type and Number of Transplanted Cells 86
5.2 Cell Preparation 87
5.3 The Time Point and Pathway of Cell Transplantation 87
5.4 Others 88
5.5 Conclusion 90
References 90
6 MSCs as a Vector of Gene Engineering 94
6.1 Adenoviruses and Angiogenesis-related Genes 96
6.2 Adeno-associated Virus (AAV) and Anti- inflammation Related Genes 97
6.3 Retrovirus and Anti-apoptosis Related Genes 98
6.4 Lentivirus and Pacemaker Current Gene 99
6.5 Conclusion 100
References 100
7 Feasibility of MSCs Transplantaion 103
7.1 General Ethical Considerations 104
7.2 Safety Issues 104
7.3 Informed Consent 106
7.4 Conclusion 106
References 107
8 Status and Expectation of MSCs Therapy 108
8.1 Clinical Application and Outcomes 109
8.2 Mechanism of Therapeutic Effects 111
8.3 Expectations with MSCs Therapy 112
References 114
Index 118