Extraction Techniques in Analytical Sciences

John R. Dean took his first degree in Chemistry at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST), followed by an M.Sc. in Analytical Chemistry and Instrumentation at Loughborough University of Technology, and finally a Ph.D. and D.I.C. in Physical Chemistry at the Imperial College of Science and Technology (University of London). He then spent two years as a postdoctoral research fellow at the Food Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food in Norwich, in conjunction with the Polytechnic of the South West in Plymouth (now the University of Plymouth). His work there was focused on the development of directly coupled high performance liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry methods for trace element speciation in foodstuffs. This was followed by a temporary lectureship in Inorganic Chemistry at Huddersfield Polytechnic (now the University of Huddersfield). In 1988, he was appointed to a lectureship in Inorganic/Analytical Chemistry at Newcastle Polytechnic (now Northumbria University). This was followed by promotion to Senior Lecturer (1990), Reader (1994), Principal Lecturer (1998) and Associate Dean (Research) (2004). He was also awarded a personal chair in 2004. In 2008 he became the Director of The Graduate School at Northumbria University as well as Professor of Analytical and Environmental Sciences in the School of Applied Sciences. In 1998, he was awarded a D.Sc. (University of London) in Analytical and Environmental Science and was the recipient of the 23rd Society for Analytical Chemistry (SAC) Silver Medal in 1995. He has published extensively in analytical and environmental science. He is an active member of The Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) Analytical Division, having served as a member of the Atomic Spectroscopy Group for 15 years (10 as Honorary Secretary) as well as a Past Chairman (1997-1999). He has served on the RSC Analytical Division Council for three terms and is a former Vice-President (2002-2004), as well as a past-Chairman of the North-East Region of the RSC (2001-2003).

Series Preface. Preface. Acknowledgements. Acronyms, Abbreviations and Symbols. About the Author. 1 Pre- and Post-Extraction Considerations. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Organic Compounds of Interest. 1.3 Pre-Sampling Issues. 1.4 Sampling Strategies: Solid, Aqueous and Air Samples. 1.5 An Introduction to Practical Chromatographic Analysis. 1.6 Quality Assurance Aspects. 1.7 Health and Safety Considerations. References. AQUEOUS SAMPLES. 2 Classical Approaches for Aqueous Extraction. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Liquid-Liquid Extraction. 2.3 Purge and Trap for Volatile Organics in Aqueous Samples. References. 3 Solid Phase Extraction. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Types of SPE Media (Sorbent). 3.3 SPE Formats and Apparatus. 3.4 Method of SPE Operation. 3.5 Solvent Selection. 3.6 Factors Affecting SPE. 3.7 Selected Methods of Analysis for SPE. 3.8 Automation and On-Line SPE. References. 4 Solid Phase Microextraction. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Theoretical Considerations. 4.3 Experimental. 4.4 Methods of Analysis: SPME-GC. 4.5 Methods of Analysis: SPME-HPLC-MS. 4.6 Automation of SPME. References. 5 New Developments in Microextraction. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Stir-Bar Sorptive Extraction (SBSE). 5.3 Liquid-Phase Microextraction. 5.4 Membrane Microextraction. 5.5 Microextraction in a Packed Syringe (MEPS). References. SOLID SAMPLES. 6 Classical Approaches for Solid-Liquid Extraction. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Soxhlet Extraction. 6.3 Automated Soxhlet Extraction or 'Soxtec'. 6.4 Other Approaches for Solid-Liquid Extraction. References. 7 Pressurized Fluid Extraction. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Theoretical Considerations Relating to the Extraction Process. 7.3 Instrumentation for PFE. 7.4 Method Development for PFE. 7.5 Applications of PFE. 7.6 Comparative Studies. 7.7 Miscellaneous. References. 8 Microwave-Assisted Extraction. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Instrumentation. 8.3 Applications of MAE. References. 9 Matrix Solid Phase Dispersion. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Issues on the Comparison of MSPD and SPE. 9.3 A Review of Selected Applications. References. 10 Supercritical Fluid Extraction. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Instrumentation for SFE. 10.3 Applications of SFE. 10.4 Selection of SFE Operating Parameters. References. GASEOUS SAMPLES. 11 Air Sampling. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Techniques Used for Air Sampling. References. COMPARISON OF EXTRACTION METHODS. 12 Comparison of Extraction Methods. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Role of Certified Reference Materials. 12.3 Comparison of Extraction Techniques for (Semi)-Solid Samples. 12.4 Comparison of Extraction Techniques for Liquid Samples. 12.5 Comparison of Extraction Techniques for Air Sampling. References. RESOURCES. 13 Resources for Extraction Techniques. 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Role of Worldwide Web. Responses to Self-Assessment Questions. Glossary of Terms. SI Units and Physical Constants. Periodic Table. General Index. Application Index.