The Italian Far Right from 1945 to the Russia-Ukraine Conflict

Nicola Guerra is Adjunct Professor at the University of Turku, Finland. He holds a Master of Science in Economics from the University of Pisa, a PhD in Italian Language and Culture and the title of Docent in Italian History and Society from the University of Turku. His research interests include: Political violence and radicalism; far right; far left; political terrorism in post-war Europe; the history of extremist ideologies; language and ideology nexus, hate- speech, hooliganism, social movements and urban subcultures.

Introduction: The complexity of Italian neofascism and the extreme right after World War II 1. Ideological and political inhomogeneity of the Italian far right during the Years of Lead 2. Conceptual and operational structure of the Strategy of Tension: Ordine Nuovo (ON), Avanguardia Nazionale (AN), and the Italian and American secret services 3. Redating the Strategy of Tension to 1947 and the LOS ANGELES Net Project: The ‘Bands of Revolutionary Action’ [Fasci di Azione Rivoluzionaria] and the American intelligence 4. Hate speech of the opposing extremisms during the Years of Lead: A late and precarious truce 5. Giovane Europa (GE): An ideological classification to be corrected – the origin of National Bolshevism 6. The second neofascist generation of the Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari (NAR) and Terza Posizione (TP): Anarcho-fascism versus extreme right-wing hierarchism 7. The esoteric neo-Nazi group Ludwig and its relations with other far-right organizations 8. Eowyn magazine (1976–1982) and the personalizing feminism of neofascist women 9. The Russia-Ukraine war explodes the historical contradictions of the far right: Militants of different radical groups fight each other at the Ukrainian front 10. Italian Foreign Fighters of the extreme right and left on the Ukrainian front Ideological, historical, and methodological conclusions: Three neofascist generations between the Atlanticist extreme right, the Europeanist anti-American and Third-Worldist National Bolshevism, the anarcho-fascism and the nostalgic neofascism