The Morphogenesis of the Norwegian Educational System

Margaret S. Archer is Emeritus Professor at the University of Warwick, UK. Her books include Social Origins of Educational Systems; Culture and Agency: The Place of Culture in Social Theory; Realist Social Theory: The Morphogenetic Approach; Being Human: The Problem of Agency; Structure, Agency and the Internal Conversation; Making our Way Through the World; The Reflexive Imperative; Late Modernity: Trajectories towards Morphogenic Society; Generative Mechanisms Transforming the Social Order; Morphogenesis and the Crisis of Normativity; and Morphogenesis and Human Flourishing. Unn-Doris K. Bæck is Professor of Sociology in the Department of Social Sciences at UiT the Arctic University of Norway. Her main research interests are within the sociology of education and the sociology of youth, with special emphasis on social and spatial inequalities. She has published extensively in journals and anthologies within these fields. Tone Skinningsrud is Professor Emeritus in the Department of Education at UiT the Arctic University of Norway. Her research contributions are in the areas of educational history, the sociology of education, comparative education, and field work methods. She has published in journals of educational history comparative education and visual anthropology. Currently, she is co-authoring a comprehensive history of Norwegian education applying Margaret Archer’s morphogenetic approach.

1. Introduction Part I: Morphogenetic cycles, the contextualization of education and educational development 2. The structures of state educational systems and why they matter: Norway and Denmark compared 3. A letter by the Sámi Lutheran missionary Thomas von Westen: A critical realist perspective on contextualization 4. Vindicating Archer’s concepts of educational systems – centralized and decentralized – as exemplars of critical realist theorizing Part II: The spatial context of educational mechanisms 5. Towards a critical realist ontology for spatial education analysis 6. Structural constraints on teachers’ work: Comparing work experiences in rural and urban settings in Northern Norway 7. Reflexivity and educational decision-making processes among secondary school pupils Part III: External and internal conditioning of educational interaction and practice 8. The impact of PISA on education in Norway: A morphogenetic perspective on structural elaboration in an education system 9. School leaders’ reflexive mode in their internal conversations on PISA 10. The worldwide language issue in education