Central and South-Eastern Europe 2022

Europa Publications’ regional publications are compiled by a team of editors and researchers, with introductory and country-specific material provided by specialists in their field: Othon Anastasakis. Senior Research Fellow in South European Studies and Director of South East European Studies at Oxford (SEESOX), St Antony’s College, University of Oxford, United Kingdom. Daunis Auers. Associate Professor of Comparative Politics, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia, and President, Association for the Advancement of Baltic Studies, University of Washington, Seattle, USA. Will Bartlett. Visiting senior fellow at the South East Europe Research Unit, European Institute, London School of Economics and Political Science, University of London, United Kingdom. Dimitar Bechev. Non-resident senior fellow at the Atlantic Council. Florian Bieber. Professor of Southeast European History and Politics and Director of the Centre for Southeast European Studies, University of Graz, Austria; Co-ordinator, Balkans in Europe Policy Advisory Group (BiEPAG). Daniela Bobeva. Professor at the University of Finance, Business and Entrepreneurship, Sofia, Bulgaria. Ioannis Bournakis. Senior lecturer in Economics, University of Middlesex, United Kingdom. Cathie Carmichael. Professor of European History, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom. Daniel Daianu. Professor of Economics at the National School of Political Studies and Public Administration in Bucharest, Romania, and President of the Romanian Fiscal Council. Indra Ekmanis. Non-resident Baltic Sea Fellow, Foreign Policy Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Lenka Filipova. Deputy Head of Department of Applied Economics, Faculty of Economics, VSB Technical University of Ostrava, Czech Republic. Tom Gallagher. Emeritus Professor, University of Bradford, United Kingdom. Kestutis Girnius. Institute of International Relations and Political Science, Vilnius University, Lithuania. Christopher A. Hartwell. Professor, Department of Management in Digital and Networked Societies, Kozminski University, Warsaw, Poland. Karen Henderson. University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Trnava, Slovakia. Marko Attila Hoare. Department of Political Science and International Relations, Sarajevo School of Science and Technology, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Jadranka Kaluđerovic. Programme Director, Institute for Strategic Studies and Prognoses, Podgorica, Montenegro. Ella Kallai. Chief Economist, Alpha Bank Romania, Bucharest, and co-founder of Consilium Policy Advisors Group, Bucharest, Romania. Andres Kasekamp. Professor of History and Chair. of Estonian Studies at the University of Toronto, Canada. Cvete Koneska. Head of Political and Security Analysis for S-RM Risk and Intelligence. Filip Kostelka. Lecturer, Department of Government, University of Essex, United Kingdom. David Lea. Political analyst specializing in European affairs. Jasmin Mujanovic. Political scientist and analyst specializing in South-East European and international affairs. Ivan Piper. Researcher, Institute for Strategic Studies and Prognoses, Podgorica, Montenegro. Anita Prazmowska. Professor of International History, London School of Economics and Political Science, University of London, United Kingdom. Tena Prelec. Research Associate, LSEE Research on South Eastern Europe, London School of Economics and Political Science; Research Fellow, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Oxford; and Member, Balkans in Europe Policy Advisory Group (BiEPAG). Mariola Pytlikova. Assistant Professor, Economics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences (CERGE-EI), Prague, Czech Republic. Andrew Ryder. Political and economic analyst, researcher and consultant on regional economic development, regional geography and sustainability; and retired lecturer, University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom. Gabor Scheiring. Marie Curie Fellow at the Department of Social and Political Sciences and the Dondena Centre, Bocconi University, Italy. Katarzyna Sidło. Political economist at the Center for Social and Economic Research, Warsaw, Poland. Tobias Spori. Researcher, Department of Political Science, University of Vienna, Austria. Marcus Tanner. Journalist and author. Alen Toplisek. Lecturer in International Political Economy, King’s College London, United Kingdom. Luca J. Uberti. Researcher, Department of Economics and Management, University of Luxembourg. Biljana Vankovska. Professor at the Institute for Security, Defence and Peace Studies, Faculty of Philosophy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia. Urmas Varblane. Professor of International Business, School of Economics and Business Administration, University of Tartu, Estonia. Mate Veres. Political and economic analyst based in Budapest, Hungary. Emilia Zankina. Dean, Temple University Rome, Italy.

PART ONE General Survey

The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic in the Western Balkans

Prof. BILJANA VANKOVSKA

Russian Influence in South-Eastern Europe

Dr DIMITAR BECHEV

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and the Rule of Law: Twin Challenges for the Visegrad Four

Dr KAREN HENDERSON

The Crisis in Contemporary Western Balkan Politics

Dr JASMIN MUJANOVIC

Modern Greece in South-Eastern Europe

Dr OTHON ANASTASAKIS

Appendix 1: The Religions of the Region

Appendix 2: The Kaliningrad Region

PART TWO Country Surveys

Sections on geography, chronology, history and economy, as well as statistical surveys, directories and bibliographies for each country

ALBANIA

History

Dr CVETE KONESKA

Economy

Dr LUCA J. UBERTI

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

History

Dr MARKO ATTILA HOARE

Economy

Dr WILL BARTLETT

BULGARIA

History

Dr EMILIA ZANKINA

Economy

Prof. DANIELA BOBEVA

CROATIA

History

MARCUS TANNER

Economy

Dr TENA PRELEC

THE CZECH REPUBLIC (CZECHIA)

History

Dr FILIP KOSTELKA

Economy

Dr LENKA FILIPOVA and Dr MARIOLA PYTLIKOVA

ESTONIA

History

Prof. ANDRES KASEKAMP

Economy

Prof. URMAS VARBLANE

GREECE

History

DAVID LEA

Economy

Dr IOANNIS BOURNAKIS

HUNGARY

History

Dr TOBIAS SPORI

Economy

Dr GABOR SCHEIRING and Dr MATE VERES

KOSOVO

History

Dr OTHON ANASTASAKIS

Economy

Dr LUCA J. UBERTI

LATVIA

History

Dr INDRA EKMANIS

Economy

Dr DAUNIS AUERS

LITHUANIA

History

Dr KESTUTIS GIRNIUS

Economy

Dr KESTUTIS GIRNIUS

MONTENEGRO

History

Prof. FLORIAN BIEBER

Economy

Dr JADRANKA KALUÐEROVIC and IVAN PIPER

NORTH MACEDONIA

History

Dr DIMITAR BECHEV

Economy

Dr WILL BARTLETT

POLAND

History

Prof. ANITA J. PRAZMOWSKA

Economy

Prof. CHRISTOPHER A. HARTWELL and Dr KATARZYNA SIDŁO

(revised for this edition by the Editorial Staff)

ROMANIA

History

Prof. TOM GALLAGHER

Economy

Prof. DANIEL DAIANU and Dr ELLA KALLAI

SERBIA

History

Dr MARKO ATTILA HOARE

Economy

Dr CVETE KONESKA

Autonomous Province:

Vojvodina

Bibliography

SLOVAKIA

History

Dr ANDREW RYDER

Economy

Dr ANDREW RYDER

SLOVENIA

History

Prof. CATHIE CARMICHAEL

Economy

Dr ALEN TOPLISEK

PART THREE Who’s Who of Central and South-Eastern Europe

PART FOUR Regional Information

REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

RESEARCH INSTITUTES

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY (BOOKS)

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY (PERIODICALS)

Index of Regional Organizations