The Arab-Israeli Conflict

Gregory S. Mahler is Academic Dean Emeritus and Research Professor of Politics at Earlham College. He received his B.A. degree from Oberlin College and his M.A. and Ph.D. degrees from Duke University. He has authored or edited over thirty books in the areas of comparative politics and Israeli and Middle Eastern Politics, and his academic interests include political institutions and democratic government.

PART I: INTRODUCTION

PART II: FROM HERZL (1896) TO RECOGNITION AS A STATE (1949)

1. Theodor Herzl, The Jewish State (1896):

2. The Basle Program, Resolutions of the First Zionist Congress (August 30, 1897)

3. Sir Henry McMahon: The McMahon Letter (October 24, 1915)

4. The Sykes-Picot Agreement (1916)

5. The Balfour Declaration (November 2, 1917)

6. The Weizmann–Feisal Agreement (January 3, 1919)

7. The White Paper of 1922 (June, 1922) (The "Churchill White Paper")

8. The Mandate for Palestine (July 24, 1922)

9. British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald Letter to Chaim Weizmann (February 13, 1931)

10. The Palestine Royal Commission (Peel Commission): Report (July 24, 1937)

11. British Government: Policy Statement Against Partition (November 11, 1938)

12. British Government: The White Paper (May 17, 1939)

13. Zionist Reaction to the White Paper (1939)

14. The Biltmore Program: Towards a Jewish State (May 11, 1942)

15. Arab Office Report to Anglo–American Committee (March, 1946)

16. U.N. General Assembly Resolution 181, The Partition of Palestine (November 29, 1947)

17. Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel (May 14, 1948)

18. Creation of a Conciliation Commission, General Assembly Resolution 194 (III) (December 11, 1948)

19. Admission of Israel to the United Nations, General Assembly Resolution 273 (May 11, 1949)

PART III: FROM RECOGNITION (1949) THROUGH THE START OF A PEACE PROCESS (1978)

20. General Assembly Resolution 303 (IV): Palestine: Question of an International Regime for the Jerusalem Area and the Protection of the Holy Places (December, 1949)

21. State of Israel: Law of Return (July, 1950)

22. U.N. Security Council: Resolution 95, Concerning . . . the Passage of Ships Through the Suez Canal (September 1, 1951)

23. Palestine National Authority: Palestine Liberation Organization Draft Constitution (December, 1963)

24. Israeli Foreign Minister Abba Eban: Speech to the Security Council of the United Nations (June 6, 1967)

25. Protection of Holy Places Law (June 27, 1967)

26. The Khartoum Resolutions (September 1, 1967)

27. U.N. Security Council: Resolution 242 (November 22, 1967)

28. The Palestinian National Charter: Resolutions of the Palestine National Council (July 1–17, 1968)

29. The Seven Points of Fatah (January, 1969)

30. U.N. Security Council: Resolution 338 (October 22, 1973)

31. Palestine National Council: Resolutions at the 12th Session of the Palestine National Council (June, 1974)

32. Interim Agreement Between Israel and Egypt (September 1, 1975)

33. Statement to the Knesset by President Anwar al Sadat (November 20, 1977)

34. Statement to the Knesset by Prime Minister Menachem Begin (November 20, 1977)

35. Six-Point Program of the Palestine Liberation Organization (December 4, 1977)

36. The Camp David Accords (September 17, 1978)

PART IV: FROM ISRAELI-EGYPTIAN PEACE (1979) TO ISRAELI-JORDANIAN PEACE (1994)

37. Peace Treaty Between Israel and Egypt (March 26, 1979)

38. Basic Law: Jerusalem, Capital of Israel (July, 1980)

39. Saudi Crown Prince Fahd ibn Abd al-Aziz: The Fahd Plan (August 7, 1981)

40. Golan Heights Law (December 14, 1981)

41. Prime Minister Menachem Begin: The Wars of No Alternative and Operation Peace for the Galilee (August 8, 1982)

42. Agreement Between Israel and Lebanon (May 17, 1983)

43. Palestine National Council: Declaration of Independence (November 15, 1988)

44. Israel’s Peace Initiative (May 14, 1989)

45. U.S. Secretary of State James Baker’s Five-Point Plan (October 10, 1989)

46. Letter of Invitation to the Madrid Peace Conference (October 30, 1991), jointly issued by the United States and the Soviet Union

47. Israel–PLO Recognition: Exchange of Letters Between Prime Minister Rabin and Chairman Arafat (September 9, 1993)

48. Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements ["Oslo Agreement"] (September 13, 1993)

49. Israel–Jordan Common Agenda (September 14, 1993)

50. Agreement on the Gaza Strip and the Jericho Area (May 4, 1994)

51. The Washington Declaration (July 25, 1994)

52. Treaty of Peace Between the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and the State of Israel (October 26, 1994)

PART V: FROM INTERIM AGREEMENTS (1995) TO THE PRESENT TIME

53. Israeli–Palestinian Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip (September 28, 1995)

54. What is Area C? (Based on September 28, 1995 Agreement)

55. Speech by Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin to the Knesset Supporting the Israeli–Palestinian Interim Agreement (October 5, 1995)

56. Speech by Prime Minister Rabin at a Peace Rally (November 4, 1995)

57. Israel–Lebanon Ceasefire Understanding (April 26, 1996)

58. The Wye River Memorandum (October 23, 1998)

59. Address in the Knesset by Prime Minister-Elect Ehud Barak upon the Presentation of His Government (July 7, 1999)

60. Sharm el-Sheikh Memorandum (September 4, 1999)

61. Protocol Concerning Safe Passage Between the West Bank and the Gaza Strip (October 5, 1999)

62. Trilateral Statement on the Middle East Peace Summit at Camp David (July 25, 2000)

63. Taba Summit (January, 2001)

64. Sharm El-Sheikh Fact-Finding Committee Final Report (April 30, 2001)

65. The Arab Peace Initiative (March, 2002)

66. Roadmap to a Solution of the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict (April 30, 2003)

67. The Disengagement Plan from Gaza Strip and Northern Samaria (April 18, 2004)

68. International Court of Justice Advisory Opinion (July 9, 2004)

69. Prime Minister Ariel Sharon’s Address to the Knesset – The Vote on the Disengagement Plan (October 25, 2004)

70. U.N. Security Council: Resolution 1701 (August 11, 2006)

71. Announcement of Annapolis Conference (November 20, 2007)

72. Joint Understanding on Negotiations (November 27, 2007)

73. Israeli PM Olmert Declares Unilateral Ceasefire in Gaza (January 17, 2009)

74. Remarks by President Barack Obama at Cairo University (June 4, 2009)

75. United Nations: Human Rights in Palestine (September 25, 2009)

76. Understanding Regarding Ceasefire in Gaza Strip (November 21, 2012)

77. The 2014 Gaza Conflict (May, 2015)

78. Israeli Foreign Ministry – The Nuclear Deal with Iran (July 27, 2015)

79. President Barack Obama on the Iran Nuclear Deal (August 15, 2015)

80. Report of the Middle East Quartet (July 1, 2016)

81. Paris Conference Joint Communique (January 15, 2017)

82. Trump Administration Recognition of Jerusalem as the Capital of Israel (December 6, 2017)