Tongzhi

Politics of Same-Sex Eroticism in Chinese Societies

Edmond J Coleman, Wah-Shan Chou (Autoren)

Buch | Softcover

352 Seiten

2000
Routledge (Verlag)
978-1-56023-154-7 (ISBN)

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Tongzhi: Politics of Same-Sex Eroticism in Chinese Societies examines Chinese societies where the family-kinship system, rather than sexuality, is taken as the basis of an individual's identity. With Tongzhi, you will come to understand the variations of same-sex erotica in different Chinese societies. Examining past and present treatment of the subject, including instances of discrimination against homosexuals, Tongzhi explores same-sex eroticism in China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan, and explains the variations of categories and experiences of tongzhi in these countries. Just what is Tongzhi?Tongzhi is the most popular contemporary Chinese word for lesbians, bisexuals, and gay people. The word, which has very positive historical references, was a Chinese translation from the Soviet communist term comrade. It was appropriated by a Hong Kong gay activist in 1989 for the first Lesbian and Gay Film Festival in Hong Kong by its organizers, who wanted to employ an indigenous representation of same-sex eroticism. The term 'homosexual’was inappropriate because of its use as a medical term denoting sickness and pathology. Within a few years, tongzhi became a widely used term in Hong Kong and Taiwan and is often used interchangeably with the English term gay. But terms such as gay, lesbian, and queer are Anglo-Saxon in origin, with specific histories that cannot capture the indigenous features of Chinese same-sex relationships. Tongzhi implies and includes much more. S/Mers, transvestites, and other fetishists who are members of the Chinese sexual counterculture who may be quite heterosexual are also tongzhi. And the term has meaning beyond the sexual: it embodies a strong sentiment for integrating the sexual (legitimizing same-sex love), the political (sharing the goals of fighting heterosexism) and the cultural (reappropriating their Chinese identity). Tongzhi brings you fascinating insight into:

the history of same-sex eroticism in China
coming out in Chinese society
how colonialism has affected sexual nonconformists in this region
racial and sexual dynamics in Colonial Hong Kong
the cultural politics of being a tomboy/girl in modern Hong Kong
“queering the mainstream” with tongzhi identity politics
sexual/cultural diversities and differences among contemporary Chinese societies . . . and much more!

Tongzhi shows how culture influences identity and demonstrates how you can develop relevant strategies for successful activist movements. Discussing political movements for gay/lesbian/bisexual rights and the societal implications of same-sex eroticism, this intelligent book provides you with a clear understanding of the attitudes toward and meanings of being tongzhi today.

Chou Wah-Shan once laught at the University of Hong Kong. He has published more than twenty Chinese books, mostly on sexuality and gender politics. He is now living in China and doing research on the Mosou culture, the matrilineal culture located in Southwestern China.

Contents

Introduction: Cultural Politics of Tongzhi
Section I: The Cultural Construction of Chinese Same-Sex Eroticism
Chapter 1: A World Without Homo/Hetero Duality: Rewriting the Traditional Chinese History of Same-Sex Eroticism
The Chinese Conception of Sexuality
Compatibility Between Heterosexual Marriages and Same-Sex Eroticism
Chinese Tolerance of Same-Sex Eroticism in the Patriarchal-Classist Hierarchy
Modernity and the Death of Cultural Tolerance of Same-Sex Eroticism
Section II: Diversities and Differences Among Contemporary Chinese Societies
Chapter 2: Colonialism and the Birth of Sexual Identity Politics in Hong Kong
The Legal Discourse of Homosexuality Under British Colonialism
From the MacLennan Incident (1980) to Decriminalization (1991)
The Creation of a New Social-Sexual Subject: The Hong Kong Chinese Gay/Tongzhi
Classism and the Cultural Construction of Tongzhi
Chapter 3: Tongzhi Discourses in Contemporary China
The Absence of Homosexuals, Bisexuals, or Heterosexuals
Why Are Contemporary Mainland Chinese Suffering the Most?
Legal Discourse and Medicalization
Individual Strategies of Tongzhi Empowerment
Collective Strategies of Tongzhi Empowerment
Chapter 4: Going Beyond “Cultural Carnival Versus Political Confrontation”: Pluralities of Contemporary Taiwan Tongzhi Discourses
Formation of Tongxinglian Consciousness and Community Before 1990
Feminism and the Formation of the Tongzhi Movement
Resistance Through Cultural Carnivals
Confrontational Politics and Beyond
Section III: Gender, Race, and Tongzhi Politics in Hong Kong
Chapter 5: When Potato Queens Meet Rice Queens: Racial-Sexual Dynamics in Colonial Hong Kong
Sexual-Racial Politics in Personal Ads
Rice and Potato Queens in the 1970s
Language, Food, and Sex
Tongzhi Strategies of Resistance
Chapter 6: Cultural Politics of TB/B (Tomboy/Tomgirl) in Hong Kong
Nü Tongzhi in the 1960s and 1970s
Identity Formation of TB/Gs in the 1990s
TB: The Sexual Politics of Breast Binding
Differences and Similarities Among TBGs
Westernized Feminist Nü Tongzhi Verses Local Role-Playing TB/Gs
Section 4: Indigenous Tongzhi Strategies of Resistance
Chapter 7: From Coming Out to Coming Home
Coming Out in the Chinese Context
Redefining the Cultural Boundaries of “Out” and “Closet”
Tongzhi Experiences of Coming Home
Why the Legal Discourses of Rights Are Not Sufficient
Chapter 8: Tongzhi Identity Politics as Queering the Mainstream
Notes
Bibliography
Index
Reference Notes Included

Erscheint lt. Verlag	11.8.2000
Verlagsort	New York
Sprache	englisch
Maße	152 x 229 mm
Gewicht	453 g
Themenwelt	Sozialwissenschaften ► Soziologie ► Gender Studies
ISBN-10	1-56023-154-8 / 1560231548
ISBN-13	978-1-56023-154-7 / 9781560231547
Zustand	Neuware