Choroid Plexus in Health and Disease (eBook)

Front Cover 1
The Choroid Plexus in Health and Disease 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 12
Contributors 6
Preface 8
Acknowledgments 10
Book 1: The Choroid Plexusin Health 14
Chapter I. Origin of Choroid Plexus and Ependyma 16
A. TIME OF DEVELOPMENT OF CHOROIDAL PRIMORDIA IN MAN 17
B. PRIMORDIUM OF CHOROID PLEXUS OF LATERAL VENTRICLE 17
G. PRIMORDIA OF CHOROID PLEXUS OF THIRD VENTRICLE 18
D. PRIMORDIUM OF CHOROID PLEXUS OF FOURTH VENTRICL (MYELENCEPHALIC PRIMORDIUM, PRIMORDIUM OF THE 
27 
E. EPENDYMA 27
F. EPENDYMA IN SPECIAL AREAS 28
REFERENCES 29
Chapter II. Prenatal and Neonatal Morphologic Changes in Human Choroid Plexus: Light Microscopic 
32 
A. DIFFERENTIATION OF CHOROID PLEXUS OF LATERAL VENTRICLE 32
B. DIFFERENTIATION OF CHOROID PLEXUS OF THIRD AND FOURTH VENTRICLES 42
C. TUBULES AND CYSTS 44
REFERENCES 47
Chapter III. Ultrastructural Characteristics of the Telencephalic and Myelencephalic Choroid Plexuses in Fetus of Man and Rabbit, and a Comparison with the Adult Choroid Plexus in Rabbit 49
A. FETAL CHOROID PLEXUS 49
B. ADULT CHOROID PLEXUS 76
C. SUMMARY 80
REFERENCES 81
Chapter IV. Postnatal Morphologie Changes in Human Choroid Plexus: Light Microscopic Characteristics 85
A. PLEXUS OF LATERAL VENTRICLES 85
B. PLEXUSES OF THIRD AND FOURTH VENTRICLES 91
C. PSAMMOMA BODIES 92
D. STROMAL CALCIFICATION 95
E. STROMAL VASCULAR CHANGES 97
REFERENCES 97
Chapter V. Ultrastructural Characteristics of Adult Choroid Plexus: Relation to the Blood—Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier to Proteins 99
A. INTRODUCTION 99
B. HISTOLOGY OF THE ADULT CHOROID PLEXUS 100
C. TRANSGAPILLARY PASSAGE 101
D. TRANSEPITHELIAL PASSAGE 103
E. EPITHELIAL TIGHT JUNCTIONS OVERLIE FENESTRATED CAPILLARIES 107
F. VESICULAR TRANSPORT 107
G. SIMULTANEOUS INTRAVASCULAR AND INTRAVENTRICULAR INFUSIONS 107
H. CSF TO BLOOD ROUTE 109
I. BLOOD TO CSF ROUTE 115
J. "FUNCTIONAL LEAK" 116
K. BLOOD AND FLUID BARRIERS IN OTHER ORGANS 117
REFERENCES 122
Chapter VI. Histochemistry of Choroid Plexus 126
A. THE NORMAL MATURE CHOROID PLEXUS 127
B. TRANSPORT OF EXOGENOUS SUBSTANCES 143
C. HISTOCHEMICAL CORRELATES OF ALTERED FUNCTION OF CHOROID PLEXUS 145
D. SUMMARY 157
REFERENCES 159
Chapter VII. Normal Structure of Choroid Plexus 164
A. MACROSCOPIC APPEARANCE: WEIGHT 164
B. ARTERIAL SUPPLY 167
C. VENOUS DRAINAGE 168
D. LYMPHATICS 168
E. NERVES 168
F. EPITHELIUM 170
G. CILIA 172
H. STROMA 173
REFERENCES 173
Chapter VIII. The Choroid Plexus and Paraphysis in Nonhuman Vertebrates 175
A. GROSS APPEARANCE 175
B. BLOOD SUPPLY 180
C. INNERVATION 180
D. MAST CELLS IN CHOROID PLEXUS 181
E. FINE STRUCTURE 181
F. HISTOCHEMISTRY 183
REFERENCES 184
Chapter IX. Physiology of the Choroid Plexus 188
A. INTRODUCTION 188
B. PERMEABILITY OF THE CHOROIDAL EPENDYMA 188
C. CEREBROSPINAL FLUID PRODUCTION 190
D. COMPOSITION OF CHOROID PLEXUS FLUID 196
E. ABSORPTIVE PROCESSES 198
F. FUNCTIONS OF CHOROID PLEXUS AND CSF 200
REFERENCES 203
Book 2: The Choroid Plexus in Disease 210
Chapter X. Developmental Disorders 212
A. HETEROTOPIC CHOROID PLEXUS AND EPENDYMA 212
B. HETEROTOPIC NEUROGLIA IN CHOROID PLEXUS 213
C. AGENESIS AND HYPOPLASIA 213
D. NEUROEPITHELIAL (COLLOID) CYSTS 214
E. CONGENITAL VASCULAR ANOMALIES OF CHOROID PLEXUS AND SUBEPENDYMAL REGION 230
F. INTRAVENTRICULAR EPIDERMOID TUMOR 233
G. LIPOMA 234
H. GLOMIC STALK OR NODULAR HYPERPLASIA OF CHOROID 
235 
REFERENCES 235
Chapter XI. Traumatic Disorders and their Effect on Choroid 241
REFERENCES 242
Chapter XII. Metabolie and Toxic Disorders involving Choroid Plexus and Ependyma 243
A. XANTHOGRANULOMA (XANTHOMA) OF CHOROID PLEXUS 243
B. HEMOCHROMATOSIS 253
C. POMPE'S DISEASE 254
D. GENERALIZED AMYLOIDOSIS 255
E. ICTERUS 255
F. GENERALIZED ARGYRIA 255
G. DRUGS AND TOXINS 256
REFERENCES 258
Chapter XIII. Inflammatory Disorders of Choroid Plexus and Ependyma 262
A. PURULENT INFLAMMATION 262
B. NONPURULENT INFLAMMATION 263
C. GRANULOMATOUS (SPECIFIC) INFLAMMATION 267
D. PARASITIC INFESTATION 272
REFERENCES 275
Chapter XIV. Neoplasms of Choroid Plexus and Ependyma 278
A. PAPILLOMA OF GHOROID PLEXUS (PAPILLARY ADENOMA) 278
B. PRIMARY CARCINOMA OF CHOROID PLEXUS 288
C. INTRAVENTRICULAR MENINGIOMA 290
D. HEMANGIOPERICYTOMA OF CHOROID PLEXUS 296
E. TERATOMA OF CHOROID PLEXUS 297
F. METASTATIC TUMORS OF CHOROID PLEXUS 297
G. EPENDYMOMA 298
H. MALIGNANT MELANOMA OF STROMA AND OF EPITHELIUM IN 
306 
REFERENCES 310
Chapter XV. Choroid Plexus and Ependyma in Miscellaneous Diseases 318
A. HYALINE MEMBRANE DISEASE 318
B. CHEDIAK-HIGASHTS DISEASE 318
G. CHOROID PLEXUS AS A PROBLEM OF OBSTRUCTION IN 
319 
D. SCHIZOPHRENIA AND OTHER MENTAL DISORDERS 319
E. ESSENTIAL EPILEPSY 319
F. HYDROCEPHALUS 320
G. RADIATION DAMAGE 321
H. REYE'S SYNDROME 323
I. SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS 323
REFERENCES 324
Chapter XVI. Radiology of the Choroid Plexus 326
A. THE NORMAL CHOROID PLEXUS IN PLAIN ROENTGENOGRAMS OF THE SKULL 326
B. PNEUMOGRAPHIC DEMONSTRATION OF THE NORMAL CHOROIDP 
326 
C. ANGIOGRAPHY OF THE NORMAL CHOROID PLEXUS 329
D. DEMONSTRATION OF NORMAL CHOROID PLEXUS BY TECHNETIUM 329
E. CHOROID PLEXUS PAPILLOMAS 330
F. MENINGIOMAS ARISING FROM THE CHOROID PLEXUS OF THE LATERAL VENTRICLE 343
G. METASTATIC TUMOR IN THE CHOROID PLEXUS 343
H. IATROGENIC LESIONS OF THE CHOROID PLEXUS 343
REFERENCES 345
Subject Index 348
Author Index 359